
Class _^Aj?-.0^1 
Book &_ ;:■..._ 



Copyright N°_ 



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COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT: 



LATIN LESSONS 



BY 

CHARLES E: BENNETT 

PROFESSOR OF LATIN IN CORNELL UNIVERSITY 



o^o 



Boston 

ALLYN AND BACON 
1901 



■>* 



^*?\\ 



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THE LIBRARY OF 

CONGRESS, 
Two Cores Received 

MAY. 28 190! 

Copyright entry 
CLASSfC^XXc. No. 



L 



&92Z 

COPY B. 



COPYRIGHT, 190 1, BY 
CHARLES E. BENNETT. 



Norrxrooti $wbb 

J. S. Cushing & Co. — Berwick & Smith 
Norwood Mass. U.S.A. 



PREFACE. 

J 

The present work is new, and has been prepared 
in response to the extensive demand for a beginner's 
book suited for use in conjunction with the Latin 
Grammar. In all essentials it follows the plan of 
my Foundations of Latin, published in 1898. Begin- 
ning with Lesson XVII, it has been found possible to 
introduce a number of simple selections of continuous 
discourse, which, it is hoped, will add an element of 
interest to the book without detracting from its dis- 
ciplinary value. Most of these selections are taken, 
with the consent of the publishers (Messrs. Long- 
mans, Green and Co.), from Longmans' Illustrated 
First Latin Beading Book. I have also inserted fre- 
quent l review lessons' throughout the book. 

The material of the body of the work is arranged 
in sixty-six i Lessons,' a designation chosen more in 
view of its convenience and familiarity than because 
the single ' Lessons' were deemed to represent the 
normal amount of work to be prepared for each class 
exercise. Many of them will be too long, probably, 
even for the best class. Just how much is taken 



iv Preface. 

will vary with existing conditions, and must be deter- 
mined by the teacher. 

Acknowledgments are hereby tendered to Messrs. 
Longmans, Green and Co. for their kind permission 
to use the selections taken from their First Latin 
Reading Book, also to Mr. Homer C. Newton, Clas- 
sical Scholar of Cornell University, who lent me 
valuable assistance in preparing the English-Latin 
exercises. 

CHARLES E. BENNETT. 
Cornell University, 
May, 1901. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



INTRODUCTORY. 



PAGE 



Alphabet. — Sounds. — Pronunciation. — Quantity. — Ac- 
cent. — The Parts of Speech. — Inflection. — Nouns. 
— Gender. — Number. — Cases. — The Five Declen- 
sions 1 

INFLECTIONS. 
Nouns and Adjectives. 

LESSON 

I. First Declension. — Present Indicative Active of 
the First Conjugation. — Subject. — Object. — 

Agreement of Verb 2 

II. Second Declension. — Present Indicative of Sum. 

— Predicate Nouns. — Appositives ... 3 

III. Adjectives of the First and Second Declensions. 

— Agreement of Adjectives .... 5 

IV. Nouns of the Third Declension .... 6 
V. The Third Declension (continued) ... 7 

VI. Gender in the Third Declension. — The Fourth 

Declension. — The Fifth Declension ... 8 
VII. Adjectives (continued). — Nine Irregular Adjec- 
tives. — Adjectives of the Third Declension . 9 
VIII. Adjectives of the Third Declension (continued) . 10 

IX. Comparison of Adjectives 12 

X. Formation and Comparison of Adverbs. — Numerals 13 

XI. Review 14 

v 



VI 



Conte?its. 



Pronouns. 

LESSON PAGE 

XII. Personal, Reflexive, and Possessive Pronouns. 

— Demonstrative Pronouns . . . .15 

XIII. Demonstrative Pronouns (continued). — The 

Intensive Pronoun 16 

XIV. Relative, Interrogative, and Indefinite Pro- 

nouns. — Agreement of Relative Pronouns . 17 



Verbs. 

XV. Conjugation. — The Four Conjugations. — In- 
dicative of Sum 19 

XVI. Subjunctive, Imperative, Infinitive, and Par- 
ticiple of Sum 20 

XVII. Indicative Active of Amb. — Reading Selection : 

A Dangerous Wedding 21 

XVIII. Active of Amb (continued) .... 23 
XIX. Indicative Passive of Amb. — Reading Selec- 
tion : Old Roman Virtue .... 24 
XX. Passive of Amb (continued) .... 25 

XXI. Review 26 

XXII. Active Voice of Moneb 27 

XXIII. Passive Voice of Moneb. — Reading Selection : 

The Death of Epaminondas .... 28 

XXIV. Active Voice of Begb . . . . ' . 29 
XXV. Passive Voice of Begb. — Reading Selection: 

How the Day was Saved .... 31 

XXVI. Active Voice of Audio 32 

XXVII. Passive Voice of Audio. — Reading Selection: 

Horatius at the Bridge 33 

XXVIII. Verbs in ib of the Third Conjugation . . 35 



Contents. 



vn 



LESSON PAGE 

XXIX. Deponent Verbs. — Reading Selection : How 

Corvinus won his Name . . 36 

XXX. The Periphrastic Conjugations ... 38 

XXXI. Review 39 

XXXII. Irregular Verbs: Compounds of Sum, Pos- 
sum, Do. — Reading Selection: The Lamb 
and the Wolf 39 

XXXIII. Irregular Verbs (continued) : Fero and Com- 

pounds ....... 41 

XXXIV. Irregular Verbs (continued) : Void, Nolo, 

Maid, Flo. Reading Selections : The Phi- 
losopher and the King ; The Fox and the 

Grapes 42 

XXXV. Irregular Verbs (continued) : Ed. — Defective 

Verbs 44 

XXXVI. Impersonal Verbs. — Questions and Answers 45 
XXXVII. Review 46 

SYNTAX. 

The Cases. 

XXXVIII. The Accusative. — Reading Selection : Incor- 
ruptible 47 

XXXIX. The Accusative (continued) .... 49 
XL. The Dative. — Reading Selection : Two Jests 

of Cicero 50 

XLI. The Dative (continued) .... 52 
XLII. The Genitive. — Reading Selection : The Frog 

and the Ox 53 

XLIII. The Genitive (continued) .... 54 

XLIV. Review 55 

XLV. The Ablative 56 



Vlll 



Contents. 



LESSON 

XL VI. The Ablative (continued). - 
tion : The Sibylline Books 
XLVII. The Ablative (continued) 
XL VIII. The Ablative (continued). - 
tion : The Trojan Horse 



Reading Selec- 






57 


. 


59 


Reading Selec- 





61 



Syntax of Adjectives and Pronouns. 

XLIX. Syntax of Adjectives 63 

L. Syntax of Pronouns 64 

LI. Review 65 



Syntax of the Moods. 

LII. The Subjunctive in Independent Sentences: 
Hortatory, Jussive, and Deliberative Sub- 
junctive. — Reading Selection : The Haunted 

House. Part 1 66 

LIII. The Optative Subjunctive. — The Potential Sub- 
junctive. — Imperative ..... 68 
LIV. Moods in Dependent Clauses. — Clauses of Pur- 
pose. — Sequence of Tenses. — Reading Selec- 
tion : The Haunted House. Part II. . . 69 
LV. Clauses of Characteristic. — Result Clauses. — 

Causal Clauses 71 

LVI. Temporal Clauses : Clauses introduced by Post- 
quam, Ut, Ubi, Simul Ac, etc. — C^m-Clauses. 
— Reading Selection : The Sword of Damocles 72 
LVII. Temporal Clauses (continued) : Clauses intro- 
duced by Antequam and Priusquam. — Clauses 
introduced by Dum, Donee, and Quoad . 74 
LVIII. Review 75 



Contents. 



IX 



LESSON 

LIX. 



LX. 



LXI. 



LXII. 
LXIII. 

LXIV. 
LXV. 

LXVI. 



76 



Substantive Clauses : Substantive Clauses devel- 
oped from the Jussive. — Substantive Clauses 
after Verbs of hindering 

Substantive Clauses (continued) : Substantive 
Clauses developed from the Optative. — Sub- 
stantive Clauses of Result. — Indirect Ques- 
tions. — Reading Selection : The Boy and the 
Dolphin. Part I 

Conditional Sentences. — Clauses introduced by 
Qnamvis&nd Quamquam. — Reading Selection : 
The Boy and the Dolphin. Part II. 

Indirect Discourse 

The Infinitive. — Reading Selection: "If You 
Want a Thing Done, — " 

Participles 84 

The Gerund and Gerundive. — The Gerundive 
Construction. — The Supine .... 85 

Review 86 



77 



79 

80 

82 



English-Latin Exercises on Lessons I.-XXXV. 



87 



Selections for Reading : 

Fables 

Roman History 

Notes on the Selections for Reading 

General Latin-English Vocabulary . 

English-Latin Vocabulary . 



103 
107 

126 

135 

168 



ABBREVIATIONS. 



abl. 


= ablative. 


inf. 


= infinitive. 


ace. 


= accusative. 


interrog. 


= interrogative. 


adj. 


— adjective. 


intr. 


— intransitive. 


adv. 


— adverb, adverbial. 


lit. 


— literally. 


c. 


= common {gender). 


masc. 


— masculine. 


comp. 


= comparative. 


n., neut. 


= neuter. 


conj. 


= conjunction. 


nom. 


— nominative. 


dat. 


= dative. 


p., pp. 


= page, pages. 


decl. 


— declension. 


partic. 


= participle. 


dep. 


= deponent. 


pass. 


= passive. 


e.g. 


= exempli gratia — 


pi., plu. 


= plural. 




for example. 


prep. 


= preposition. 


etc. 


= et cetera = and so 


pres. 


= present. 




forth. 


pron. 


= pronoun. 


f. 


= feminine. 


rel. 


— relative. 


gen. 


= genitive. 


sc. 


— supply. 


i.e. 


= id est = that is. 


sing. 


= singular. 


impers. 


= impersonal, imper- 


sup., super. 


— superlative. 




sonally. 


tr., trans. 


— transitive. 


indecl. 


= indeclinable. 


w. 


= with. 


indie. 


— indicative. 


1, with verbs = 1st conjugation 



LATIN LESSONS. 



INTEODUCTOEY. 



Alphabet, Sounds, Pronunciation. 

§§ 1 ; 2 ; 3, 1-3. 

The references are to the author's Latin Grammar. 



Quantity and Accent. 
§§5, A, 1,2; 5, B, 1,2; 4; 6, 1,2. 



The Parts of Speech, Gender, Number, The 
Cases, The Five Declensions. 

§§ 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15, A, 1-3 ; 15, B, and footnote ; 16 ; 

17; 18; 19. 

1 



INFLECTIONS. 



oXKo 



NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES. 



LESSON I. 



First Declension. — First Conjugation, Present 
Indicative Active. 

§§ 20, and 1 ; 21,1; 101 (Present Indicative) ; 166 ; 166, 2 ; 
172 ; 254, 1 ; 195. 



1. 



VOCABULAKY. 



copia, ae, f., plenty; plu., 
copiae, arum, forces, 
troops. 

diligentia, ae, f., diligence. 

et, and. 

filia, ae, f., daughter. 

Gallia, ae, f., Gaul. 

insula, ae, f. , island. 

laudo, I praise. 

Lucretia, ae, f., Lucretia, a 
woman's name. 



occupo, / seize, take posses- 
sion of, occupy. 

ora, ae, f., coast. 

par 6, / get ready, prepare, 
procure; win. 

pecunia, ae, f., money. 

provincia, ae, f., province. 

renuntio, I announce, report. 

servo, I guard, watch. 

victoria, ae, f., victory. 



1 For exercises on the translation of English into Latin, see 
p. 87. 



Second Declension, 3 

2. 1. Filiarum, filiae, filias. 2. Provincils, pro- 
vinciam, provinciarum. 3. Copiae, copiarum, copiis, 
copias. 4. Diligentia, diligentiam, diligentiae. 5. Ora- 
runi, oris, oras, ora, orae. 6. Pecuniam, pecuniae, pecii- 
nia. 7. Victoria, victoriae, victoriam. 8. Victoriis, 
victorias, victoriarum. 9. Insulis, insula, insulae, In- 
sularum. 10. Lucretiam, Lucretiae ; Galiiam, Galliae. 

3. 1. Lucretia filias l laudat. 2 2. Filiam Lucretiae 
laudamus. 3. Filias Lucretiae laudatis. 4. Oras pro- 
vinciae servas. 5. Copias parat. 6. Diligentiam fi- 
liarum laudatis. 7. Pecuniam parant. 8. Victoriam 
copiarum renuntiamus. 9. Provinciam Galliae occu- 
pat. 10. Oras Insulae occupamus. 11. Lucretiam 
et filias 1 laudo. 12. Copiae victoriam renuntiant. 
13. Filiae Lucretiae copias laudant. 

LESSON II. 

Second Declension. — Present Indicative of 
Sum. — Predicate Nouns. — Appositives. 

§§ 23; 25, 2; 26, 1, a; 100 (Present Indicative); 167; 168; 
169, 1, 2. 

4. VOCABULARY. 

Ardea, ae, f . , Ardea, a Latin captivus, I, m. , captive, pris- 
town. oner. 

1 ' Her daughters.' The possessive pronouns, 'his,' 'her,' 
' its,' c their,' etc., are often omitted in Latin, and may be freely 
supplied in translation, wherever this makes appropriate sense. 

2 The verb ordinarily stands at the end of the sentence in 
Latin. 



4 Second Declension. 

filius, i (ii), m., son. numerus, 1, m., number. 

Gallus, I, m., a Gaul. nuntius, I (ii), m., messen- 
gladius, I (ii), m., sword. ger. 

jumentum, I, n., beast of bur- oppidum, I, n., town, walled 

den. town. 

Latinus, I, m., a Latin. oppugno, I attack, assault. 

liberi, orum, m. pi., children. praemium, I (ii), n., re- 
Marcus, I, m., Marcus, a ward. 

man's name. Romanus, I, m., a Roman. 

5. 1. Praemiis, praemio, praemioruim praemi, 
praeniia. 2. Ntintio, ntintios, nuntium, ntintl. 3. Fill, 
fllil, filios, filio. 4. Numeri, numeris, numerum. 
5. Oppidorum, oppida, oppido, oppidi. 6. Captivos, 
captivi, captivo, captlvorum. 7. Gladio, gladios, gla- 
dii, gladi. 8. Agrorum/ agro, agris, agros. 9. Pueri, 1 
puerls, puerorum, puero. 10. Viri, viro, virorum. 

6. 1. Sumus ntintil 2 Romanorum. 2. Estis captivi. 
3. Roniani numerum jumentorum parant. 4. Marcus 
est filius Lucretiae. 5. Roman! oppida Gallorum op- 
pugnant. 6. Filios Marcl laudamus. 7. Estis liberi 
Marcl. 8. Ntintii victoriam Romanorum renuntiant. 
9. Captlvl sunt Galll. 10. Nuntius victoriae est Gal- 
lus. 11. Praemia llberorum laudatis. 12. Roman! 
captlvos servant. 13. Es filius Marcl et Lucretiae. 
14. RomanI Ardeam, oppidum Latinorum, opptignant. 



1 Words given in the paradigms of the Grammar are inten- 
tionally omitted from the Lesson Vocabularies. 

2 A predicate noun may (and often does) follow the verb, 



Agreement of Adjectives. 5 

LESSON III. 

Adjectives of the First and Second Declensions. 
Agreement of Adjectives. 

§§ 62-65, 1 ; 233, 2 ; 234 ; 350, 4, and a. 

7. VOCABULARY. 

dimico, I contend. pabulum, I, n., forage, food 

finitimus, a, um, neighbor- (of animals). 

ing. parvus, a, um, small. 

Hispania, ae, f., Spain. proelium, i (ii), n., battle. 

magnus, a, um, large, great. pulcher, chra, chrum, beau- 

multus, a, um, much; pi., tiful. 

many. Romanus, a, um, Boman. 

vexo, I ravage. 

8. 1. Multa junienta, multorum jfimentorum, multis 
jtimentis. 2. Magnae Insulae, magnarum Insularum ; 
parvam insulam, parvis Tnsulis. 3. Filiae pulchrae, 
filios pulchros, filiam pulchram. 4. Puerorum bono- 
rum, puero bono, pueris bonis. 5. Agros multos, 
agrorum multorum, agris multis. 6. Provinciae 
fmitimae, provinciis fmitimis. 

9. 1. Multa jumenta paramus. 2. Galli et Eomani 
multis proeliis dimicant. 3. Jumenta sunt parva. 
4. Copiae Eomanae agros finitimos occupant. 5. Pro- 
vinciam fmitimam occupamus. 6. Magnam diligen- 
tiam flliorum laudatis. 7. Magnam copiam pabuli 
parant. 8. Agri Gallorum sunt boni. 9. Eomani 
multos agros Gallorum vexant. 10. Filiae Lucretiae 
sunt bonae et pulchrae. 11. Bellum magna dlligentia 
paratis. 12. Hispania est magna provincia. 



6 Third Declension. 

LESSON IV. 
Third Declension: Consonant and Liquid Stems. 

§§ 28-34. 

10. VOCABULARY. 

Caesar, aris, m., Caesar. libero, I free., set free. 

consul, ulis, m., consul. obsecro, I entreat. 

dono, I present. obses, idis, c. 1 , hostage. 

German!, orum, m. pi., Ger- pater, patris, m., father. 

mans. pax, pacis, f., peace. 

imperator, toris, m., com- rex, regis, m., king. 

mander. salus, lutis, f., safety. 

laus, laudis, f., praise. virtus, tutis, f., valor. 
lex, legis, f., law. 

11. 1. Consulibus bonis, consul! bono, consulem 
bonum, consulis boni ; consules bonos. 2. Virttite 
magna, virtutis magnae, virttitem magnam. 3. Mllites 
Romanl, mllites Romanos, mllitis Roman!, militi 
Romano. 4. Magnae victoriae consulis Roman!; 
multae consulis victoriae. 5. Patri consulis ; laus 
militum ; magna imperatoris virttite. 

12. 1. Rex Germanorum saliitem et pacem obsecrat. 
2. Leges Romanorum sunt bonae. 3. Caesar, impera- 
tor Romanus, virttitem militum laudat. 4. Marcum, 
consulis filium, laudamus. 5. Mllites magna virttite 
dimicant. 6. Roman! sunt victores. 7. Miles mag- 
nam consulis victoriam rentintiat. 8. Caesar militi- 
bus gladios donat. 9. Rex obsides Romanos liberat. 

1 See § 15, B, Note 1. 



Third Declension. — Nasal Stems. 7 

10. Imperatorem Ronianum laudatis. 11. Nuntil pacis 
salutem obsecrant. 

LESSON V. 

Third Declension: Nasal Stems, s-Stems, 
i-STEMS, Mixed Stems. 

§§ 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 39, 1 ; 40 ; 40, 1, a, b, c. 

13. VOCABULARY. 

altus, a, um, high; deep. gens, gentis, f., tribe. 

Ariovistus, I, m., Ariovistus, genus, eris, n., kind, class. 

a king of the Germans. Germanus, a, um, German. 

civis, is, c, citizen, fellow- litus, oris, n., shore. 

citizen. mens, mentis, f., mind. 

classis, classis, f., fleet. pedes, itis, m., foot- soldier ; 
collis, is, m., hill. in pi., infantry. 

convoco, I call together. propter, prep. w. ace., on ac- 
cum, prep. w. abl., vrith. count of 

eques, itis, m., horseman; in terror, oris, ni., terror, fear. 

pi., cavalry, horsemen. urbs, urbis, f., city. 

14. 1. Civibus Romanls, civis Romanos, civi Roinano, 
civium Romanorum. 2. Magnos terrores, magno ter- 
rore. 3. Urbis altae, urbium altarum, urbes altas. 
4. Honorum, honor!, honoribus, honore. 5. Collium 
altorum, collis altos, colles alti, collis alti. 6. Gen- 
tium flnitirnarum, litoribus fmitimis, litora fmitima. 

15. 1. Sunt 1 multa genera civium. 2. Civis Roma- 
nes propter rnagnam virtutem laudamus. 3. Magnam 

1 ' There are ; ' est and sunt, particularly at the beginning of 
a sentence, often have the meaning: 'there is,' 'there are.' 



8 Fourth and Fifth Declensions. 

classem parant. 4. Collem altum occupatis. 5. Litora 
multarum Insularum classe occupat. 6. Colles urbis 
sunt alti. 7. Terror mentes mllitum occupat. 8. Mul- 
tae gentes cum Caesare dlmicant. 9. Cum peditibus et 
equitibus colles urbis opptignat. 10. Gentes Gallorum 
pacem obsecrant. 11. Arioyistus gentes Germanas 
convocat. 

LESSON VI. 

Gender in the Third Declension. — The Fourth 
and Fifth Declensions. 

§§ 43, 1, 2, 3 ; 48 ; 50 ; 51 ; 52, 1 ; 52, 4 ; 53. 

16. VOCABULARY. 

acies, ei, f., line of battle. exercitus, us, m., army. 

colloco, I place. fides, ei, f ., fidelity, loyalty. 

cornu, us, n., horn; wing in, prep. w. abl., in, on. 

(of an army). legio, onis, f., legion. 

de, prep. w. abl., concerning. portus, us, m., harbor. 

dexter, tra, trum, right. probo, I approve. 

dubito, I doubt, am in doubt. quattuor, indecl.,/owr. 

equitatus, us, m., cavalry. senatus, us, m., senate. 

17. 1. Rerum multarum, rebus multls, rem mag- 
nam, rei magnae, de re magna. 2. Portui bono, in 
portibus bonis, portuum bonorum, magnus numerus 
portuum, portus bonos. 3. SenatuI Romano, in senatu 
Romano, senatus Roman!. 4. Fidem bonam, fidei 
bonae. 5. Magnos exercitus, quattuor magnis exerciti- 
bus, quattuor magnorum exercituum, magno exercitui. 



Nine Irregular Adjectives. 9 

18. 1. Caesar legiones in acie collocat et oppidum 
opptignat. 2. In magno portu sunt multae insulae. 

3. Senatus de fide niultarum legionum dubitat. 

4. Multas res senatui rentintiat. 5. De multis rebus 
dubitamus. 6. Legiones portuni insulae servant. 
7. Imperator fideni exercitus probat. 8. De exercitu 
Caesaris dubitamus. 9. In exercitu sunt multi et boni : 
milites. 10. In dextro cornu equitatum collocat. 
11. Est in insula magnus numerus portuum bonorum. 

LESSON VII. 

Nine Irregular Adjectives. — Adjectives of the 
Third Declension with Three Terminations. 

§§ m ; 67, 1, 2, 3, and a ; 68 ; 68, 2. 

19. VOCABULARY. 

Belgae, arum, in. pi., Bel- periculum, I, n., danger. 

gians, a Gallic tribe. regio, onis, f., region. 

celer, eris, e, swift. sine, prep. w. abl., without. 

equester, tris, tre, eques- spero, I hope, hope for; gov- 

trian. erns the ace. 

hostis, is, c, an enemy ; pi., spes, ei, f., hope. 

the enemy. supero, / conquer, defeat. 

munus, eris, n., reward. vastS, Hay waste. 

nunc, now. vito, I avoid. 

20. 1. Alterius praemT, alia praemia, aliis praemiis. 
2. Sine tillo honore, sine ulla spe ? nullius urbis, ntilli 

x The Latin regularly says 'many and good,' where we say 
4 many good. ' 



10 Adjectives of the Third Declension. 

urbi. 3. Proelium equestre, proelio equestrl, proelia 
equestria, proeliorum equestrium, proeliis equestribus. 
4. Victoriae celeris, victorias celeres, victoriis celeri- 
bus, victoria celerl. 5. Unurn proelium, aliud proe- 
lium, alii proelio, alter! proelio. 

21. 1. Sine ullo periculo oppida totius regionis 
opptlgnamus. 2. Null! militi munera donatis. 3. Co- 
piae Caesaris solius equestrl proelio dlmicant. 4. Alios 
milites in acie collocas. 5. Aliam classem paramus. 
6. Aliud bellum sperant. 7. Praemia alterius belli 
speramus. 8. Senatus de fide unius regis dubitat. 
9. N until soli pacem sperant. 10. Exercitus Romanus 
agros Belgarum et multarum aliarum gentium vastat. 
11. Equites hostes celerl victoria superant. 12. Milites 
sine ulla spe victoriae dlmicant. 13. Pericula alterius 
proeli vitamus. 

LESSON VIII. 

Adjectives of the Third Declension with Two 
Terminations, and One Termination. 

§§ 69 ; 69, 1 ; 70 ; 70, 1 ; 70, 4. 

22. VOCABULARY. 

adulescens, centis,m., young incolumis, e, unharmed, un- 
man, injured. 
auxilium, I (ii), n., aid, help. legatus, I, m., envoy. 
communis, e, common. mando, / assign. 
fortis, e, strong, brave. militaris, e, military. 
homo, minis, c, man. negotium, I (ii), n., business. 
impero, I demand. nobilis, e, noble. 



Adjectives of the Third Declension. 11 

omnis. e, all, every. terra, ae, f., land, a land. 

potens, entis, powerful. tribunus, I, m., tribune, offi- 

signum, 1, n., standard. cer in a Roman legion. 
talis, e, such. 

23. 1. Beges potentes, reges potentis, regis potentis, 
regum potentium, regibus potentibus. 2. Signum 
nrilitare, signa mllitaria, signorum mllitarium, slgno 
mllitarl, signis imlitaribus. 3. Victoria vetus, victo- 
riae veterl, victorias veteres, victoria vetere, victoriis 
veteribus. 4. Homines talis, homo talis, hominis talis, 
hominum talium, hominibus talibus. 

24. 1. Adulescens nobilis est incolumis. 2. Omnes 
agri sunt boni. 3. Omnes legati Gallorum auxilium 
Caesaris obsecrant. 4. Caesar omnes tribtlnos legi- 
onis laudat. 5. Virls talibus negotium mandamus. 
6. Signa mllitaria sunt pulchra. 7. Adulescentibus 
nobilibus gladios donat. 8. Magnum numerum obsi- 
dum nobilium imperat. 9. Ntillus vir fortis perlcula 
commtinia vltat. 10. Cum rege potent! dimicamus. 
11. Terras regum potentium vastamus. 



12 Comparison of Adjectives. 

LESSON IX. 
Comparison of Adjectives. 

§§ 71, 1, 2, 3, 4 ; 72 ; 73, 1 (prior, citerior, ulterior, 
propior); 73, 2. 

25. VOCABULARY. 

acer, acris, acre, sharp, vig- ops, opis, f. (nom. sing, not 

orous. used), help; pi., resources. 

brevis, e, short, brief. poena, ae, f., punishment^ 

castra, orum, n. pi., a camp. penalty. 

comparo, I get ready. porta, ae, f., gate. 

euro, I care for, take care of. quam, than. 

dux, ducis, m., leader. Rhenus, I, m., Bhine. 

familia, ae, f., family. Rhodanus, I, m., Bhone. 

gravis, e, heavy, severe. servus, I, m., slave. 

impetuses, m.(§ 57,4), attack. vita, ae, f., life. 

26. 1. Oppida proxima, oppidorum ultimorum. 
2. Ptignae acerrimae, ptigna aeerrima. 3. Portarum 
ma jorum, portls minoribus, portam pulchriorem, 
portae pulcherrimae. 4. Castrorum majorum, castris 
minoribus. 5. Poenarum gravissimarum, poenas 
graviores, poenis gravioribus. 6. Impetus acerrimi, 
impetu acriore, impetus acriores. 

27. 1. Pater maximam familiam liber orum et ser- 
vorum curat. 2. Vita hominis brevissima est. 3. Im- 
petus hostium est acerrimus. 4. Milites legionis 
primae castra minora oppugnant. 5. Minimum perl- 
culum vitat. 6. Caesar est dux fortissimus. 7. Portae 
minoris urbis sunt pulcherrimae. 8. Majores opes 



Formation and Comparison of Adverbs. 13 

comparamus. 9. Ultimas gentes provinciae superas. 

10. Rhodanus est propior provinciae quam Rhenus. 

11. Poenam gravissimam vitas. 12. Legiones agios 
optimos vastant. 

LESSON X. 

Formation and Comparison of Adverbs. — 
Numerals. 

§§ 76, 1, 2; 77 (bene, male, magnopere, multum, non 
multum, diu, saepe, prope); 80, 1-5; 350, 6. 

28. VOCABULARY. 

aditus, us, m., approach. fortiter, bravely. 

Albanus, a, um, Alban. Gaius, I, m., Gaius, a man's 

animus, I, m., heart, mind. name. 

centum, indecl., hundred. nomen, inis, n., name. 

confirmo, I encourage. princeps, ipis, m., chief. 

decern, indecl., ten. pugn5, I fight. 

difficulter, adv. (from diffi- SequanI, orum, m. pi., Se- 

cilis), with difficulty. quani, a Gallic tribe. 

ducenti, ae, a, two hundred. tardo, I check. 

facile (from facilis), easily. triginta, indecl., thirty. 

29. 1. Cum triginta mllitibus, cum tribus pueris, cum 
duobus prlncipibus. 2. Duo fllii, duos filios, tres 
prmcipes, trium prlneipum, mille equites. 3. Melius, 
dititius, minus fortiter, optime. 4. Fortius, maxime, 
propius, saepissime. 5. Nomina cluorum prlncipum. 
6. Decern millia peditum; cum centum millibus equi- 
tum et peditum ; ducenta millia mllitum. 

• 30. 1. Belgae fortius quam SequanI pugnant. 
2. Romanl Gallos facillime superant. 3. Cum tribus 



14 Review. 

mlllibus Gallorum dimicamus. 4. DucentI Roman! 
impetum hostium facile tardant. 5. Unus Ro manus 
tres adulescentes Albanos superat. 6. Nomina duorum 
flliorum sunt Gaius et Marcus. 7. Mille adulescentes 
aditum difficillime servant. 8. Animos legionum 
facile confirmat. 9. Diutissime pugnant. 

LESSON XI. 

Review. 

31. 1. Sine till 6 perlculo alterum oppidum opptig- 
nant. 2. Unam legionem in dextro cornti collocat. 

3. Legati Gallorum auxilium Caesaris obsecrant. 

4. In castris majoribus sunt duae legiones. 5. Hos- 
tes diu et acriter pugnant. 6. Duos colles altissimos 
peditibus occupamus. 7. Acerrime et f ortissime dimi- 
camus. 8. Legiones castra minora oppugnant. 9. Col- 
lem aliis legionibus occupat. 10. Virttitem ducum 
Romanorum et militum laudamus. 11. Dux maximas 
copias parat. 



PRONOUNS. 



LESSON XII. 

Personal, Keflexive, Possessive, and Demon- 
strative Pronouns. 

§§ 82 ; 83 ; 84 ; 85 ; 85, 1 ; 86 ; 86, 1 ; 87 (Hie). 



32. 



VOCABULARY. 



ad, prep. w. ace, to. 1 

amicus, I, in., friend. 

angustiae, arum, f. pi., a 
narrow pass. 

arma, orum, n. pi., arms. 

audacter, bravely. 

beneficium, i(ii), n., kind- 
ness. 

culpo, I blame. 

despero, / despair, despair 
of; governs the ace. 

exploro, I explore. 



expugno, I take by storm, 
capture. 

gravis, e, heavy, serious. 

injuria, ae, f., wrong, in- 
justice. 

insidiae, arum, f. pi., am- 
bush, plots. 

longus, a, um, long. 

memoria, ae, f., memory, 
recollection. 

navalis, e, naval. 

voco, I call. 



33. 1. Mihij nos, tu, nobis, suT, nieT, vos, tibi, vobls. 
2. Vestrum, nos, sibi, me, se, te. 3. Amicus meus, 2 
amicorum meorum ; amicus noster, amlcis nostrls. 



1 English to is rendered by ad in Latin, if there is an idea of 
motion ; otherwise the dative is used. 

2 § 350, 5, c. 

15 



16 Demonstrative Pronouns, 

4. Pater tuus, patri tuo ; cum patre tuo. 5. Amicus 
vester, amicorum vestrorum. 6. Hujus 1 puerT, huic 
puero; hos viros. 7. Hae angustiae, harum Insidia- 
rum, haec arma, horum castrorum. 

34. 1. Hos pueros ad nos vocamus. 2. Caesar 
cum his omnibus legionibus hoc oppidum expugnat. 
3. Nullus alius imperator copias suas culpat. 4. Filia 
mea te vocat. 5. Hi legati pacem obsecrant. 6. Hae 
injuriae sunt gravissimae. 7. Cum hoc adulescente 
quattuor captivos servo. 8. Has provincial explora- 
mus. 9. Vestra memoria hujus injuriae est longis- 
sima. 10. In hae pugna navali audacissime ptignant. 
11. Copiae hujus ducis victoriam desperant. 

LESSON XIII. 

Demonstrative Pronouns (Iste, Ille, Is ? Idem). 
— The Intensive Pronoun. 

§§ 87 ; 88. 

35. VOCABULARY. 

agmen, minis, n., army (on mandatum, I, n., command, 
the march), column. order. 



celeritas, tatis, f., speed. officium, I (ii), n., 

equus, I, m., horse. opinio, onis, f., opinion. 

frater, tris, m., brother. ordo, inis, m., rank. 

frumentum, i, n,, grain. praesto, I shoio. 

hiemo, I pass the winter. servo, I preserve. 

ignavus, a, um, cowardly. tempto, I attempt, make trial 
iter, itineris, n. (§ 42, 1), of; governs the ace. 

journey, march. vulnero, I wound. 

1 § 350, 5, a. 



Relative, Interrogative, Indefinite Pronouns. 17 

36. 1. Istius frumentl, istud frumentum, isto fru- 
mento. 2. Eadem celeritate, ejusdem oplnionis, eadem 
mandata. 3. Ejus 1 pater, eorum 1 liberi. 4. Eisdem 
itineribus, eorundem equorum. 5. Illis fratribus, illo- 
rum fratrum, ill! fratri, cum ilia f Ilia. 6. Idem agnien, 
eadem agmina, in eodem agmine, earundem opmionum. 

37. 1. Eum vulnero. 2. Eos gladio meo vulnero. 
3. Earn ad nos voco. 4. Patrem eorum obsecro. 
5. Ejus patri illud negotium mando. 6. Ipse 2 in illis 
regionibus cum his legionibus hiemat. 7. Ilium aditum 
difficiliorem temptant. 8. Eadem beneficia nobis 
praestat. 9. Illl milites ordines servant. 10. Ilia 
officia sunt minus difficilia. 11. Duces illorum exer- 
cituum sunt ignavissimi. 12. Illl homini pltirimos 
agros donatis. 

LESSON XIV. 

Kelative, Interrogative, and Indefinite Pro- 
nouns. — Agreement of Relative Pronouns. 

§§89; 90, 1,2; 91; 91, 1,2,3,8. 

38. VOCABULARY. 

angustus, a, um, narrow. castellum, I, n.,fort. 

apertus, a, um, open. civitas, tatis, f., state. 

armo, I arm. cohors, cohortis, f., cohort 
auctoritas, tatis, f., author- (division of a legion). 

ity, influence. 

1 § 86, 1. 2 Ipse alone means ' he himself.' 



18 Relative, Interrogative, Indefinite Pronouns. 

condicio, onis, f., condition, mulier, mulieris, f., woman. 

terms. praeda, ae, f., booty. 

deditio, onis, f., surrender. recuso, I refuse. 

delecto, I delight. turpis, e, base. 

finis, is, m., end, boundary. uxor, oris, f., • 



39. 1. Ctij usque cohortis ; quamque cohortem, cuique 
cohort!. 2. Cuiquam, quidquam, cujusquam. 3. Cujus 
auctoritas ? In qua civitate ? 4. Oppidoruni quorun- 
dam, in oppidls quibusdam, viro cuidam, mulierem 
quandam. 5. Cujus castelli ? Quod castellum ? 

6. Quis vir? Qui vir? 7. Amico cuivis, amicis 
quibusvis. 

40. 1. Hie imperator legiones quasdam armat. 
2. Praeda aliquos milites delectat. 3. Quae oppida 
mllites opptignant ? 4. Oppidum quoddam Belgarum 
oppugnant. 5. Ille dux quasdam condiciones turpes 
deditionis rectisat. 6. Quis homo nos obsecrat ? 

7. Quod oppidum opptignatis ? 8. Kegiones quae 
apertae sunt vastamus. 9. Fines ctijusque provin- 
ciae sunt angusti. 10. Cujus uxor est haec mulier? 
11. Est uxor ejus viri quern servamus. 



VERBS. 

♦ 

LESSON XV. 
The Conjugations. — Indicative of Sum. 

§§ 93-95; 98; 99; 100 (Indicative Mood). 

41. VOCABULARY. 

adventus, us, m., arrival. mons, montis, m., mountain, 
animus, I, m., soul. hill. 

deus, I, m., god. natura, ae, f., nature. 

fossa, ae, f., ditch, trench. nondum, not yet. 

Juppiter, Jovis, m. (§ 41), oculus, I, m., eye. 

Jupiter. pro, prep. w. abl., before, in 
locus, I, rn., place, pi. loca, front of. 

orum, n. repentinus, a, um, sudden. 

ubi, interr. adv., where ? 

42. 1. Fueritis, eras, ero, erunt, fuerint. 2. Fuistl, 
estis, eris, fueratis, erit. 3. Fueras, sumus, fuerunt, 
erit. 4. Sunt meliores, es melior, fuistis optimi. 
5. Eramus amici, sumus legati. 6. Vietores fuimus, 
fuerat victor. 7. Fuero, erat, erant. 8. Fuere, est, 
eram. 

43. 1. Nondum consul fuT. 2. Hi consules ignavi 
fuerunt. 3. Ubi pater tuus fuerat ? 4. In castris 

19 



20 Conjugation of Sum. 

hostium erat. 5. In plurimis Gallorum oppidis f uimus. 

6. Pro his castris erat fossa alta. 7. Animus est 
oculus mentis. 8. Juppiter fuit maximus Romano- 
rum deus. 9. Adventus equitum repentinus fuerat. 
10. ISTatura loci fuit difficilis. 11. Vos, mllites, qui 
omnia pericula vltatis, estis turpes. 12. Hi montes 
sunt altissimi. 

LESSON XVI. 

Subjunctive, Imperative, Infinitive, Participle 
of Sum. 

Page 57. 

44. VOCABULARY. 

amicitia, ae, f. , friendship. laetus, a, um, glad, joy- 

beatus, a, um, happy. ful. 

consilium, i (ii), n., plan, Hbertas, atis, f., free- 
advice, dom. 

contentus, a, um, contented. non, not. 

controversia, ae, t, contro- semper, adv., always, 

versy. sub, prep. w. abl., under. 

felix, licis, fortunate, happy. supplicium, I (if), n., punish- 

inter, prep. w. ace, between, ment, tortiwe. 

among. tempus, oris, n., time. 

45. 1. Euisse, esto, simus, essent. 2. Esse, futtirus, 
sit, fuissem. 3. Content! fuissemus, sit felix, sint 
felloes. 4. Este, sitis, estate, esset. 5. Sunto, futu- 
rus esse, es. 6. Fuissetis beati, fuisset beatus. 

7. Essem, fuisses, sis. 

46. 1. Sit amicitia inter me et te. 2. Haec lex esto 
brevis. 3. Laetissimus fuisset. 4. Sub alio duce mili- 



First Conjugation : Indicative Active, 21 

tes fortiores fuissent. 5. Nullae controversiae inter 
vos sint. 6. Quod consilium melius fuisset ? 7. Sunto 
supplicia gravia. 8. His praemiis non contentus 
esses. 9. Non fuissemus amici talium hominum. 
10. Sitis, amici, 1 fortes. 11. Nullum tempus melius 
fuisset. 12. Simus semper amici libertatis. 



LESSON XVII. 
First Conjugation: Indicative Active. 

Page 58. 

47. VOCABULARY. 

administro, 1, I administer. praetor, oris, m., praetor. 

confirmo, 1, / establish, con- quare, interr. adv., why f 

firm. quinque, indecl., five. 

impedimentum, l, n., hin- socius, ii, in., ally. 

drance ; in pi., baggage. sublevo, 1, I relieve. 

jam, adv., already. transports, 1, I transport. 

modo, adv., just, just now. Veragri, orum, m. pi., Vera- 
Octodurus, l, m., Octodurus, gri, a Gallic tribe. 

.a city of the Veragri. verbum, i, n., ivord. 

perturbo, I confuse, throw vicus, I, ra., village. 

into confusion. 

48. 1. Transportavistis, transportabimus, transpor- 
tabat. 2. Transportavit, transportamus, transpor- 
taverant. 3. Collocabit, collocabant, collocaverat. 
4. Collocatis, collocates, collocaveras. 5. Occupabis, 



1 The vocative regularly stands after one or more words of 
the sentence. 



22 First Conjugation: Indicative Active. 

occupavistis, occupaveritis. 6. Paraverunt, paras, 
parabamus. 7. Pugnabitis, pugnavl, pugnaverinius. 

8. Laudabatis, laudavimus, laudavit. 

49. 1. Caesar plurimas naves jam paraverat. 2. Has 
quinque legiones in eo loco collocabit. 3. Haec consi- 
lia nondum probavl. 4. Quis ista verba probabit ? 
5. Quare pacem et amicitiam cum his civitatibus non 
confirmavistis ? 6. Gall! impedimenta sua celeriter 
transportaverunt. 7. Praetores Roman! res soeiorum 
administraverunt. 8. Amicos auxilio sublevavimus. 

9. Hae cohortes ordines hostium facile perturbaverant. 

10. Locus ubi legiones hiemabant fuit Octodurus, 
vicus Veragrorum. 

50. A Dangerous Wedding. 

Sol * quondam uxorem dticere 2 volebat. 3 Eanae ad 
sidera clamorem tollunt. 4 Juppiter causam querelae 
quaerit. 5 "Nunc," inquiunt, 6 "tinus sol omnes lacus 
exurit ; 7 quid f uturum est, si liberos creabit ? " 



1 In the passages of continuous narrative, the pupil will con- 
sult the General Vocabulary at the end of the book for words 
that have not occurred in previous Lessons. 

2 uxorem ducere : lit. to 4 tollunt : raise, 
lead (i.e. take) a wife, and so, 5 quaerit: asks. 

to marry. 6 inquiunt : they say. 

3 volebat : ivished. 7 exurit: burns up, dries up. 



First Conjugation : Active Voice. 23 

LESSON XVIII. 

First Conjugation: Subjunctive, Imperative, 
Infinitive, etc., Active Voice. 

Page 59. 

51. VOCABULARY. 

a, ab, prep. w. abl. , from. numquam, never. 

ancora, ae, f., anchor. rogo, 1, I ask. 

conservo, 1 1, I keep. specto, 1, Hook upon. 

cupidus, a, um, fond. tamen, nevertheless, yet. 
navis, is, f., ship, boat. 

52. 1. Laudaturus, laudans, laudent. 2. Lauda- 
visse, laudavissem, laudanto. 3. Laudando, laudaret, 
lauda. 4. Spectemus, spectate, spectare, spectandi. 
5. Spectaturus esse, spectarent, spectet. 6. Dlmi- 
cando, dlmicavissent, dmiicent. 7. Dimicate, dimi- 
cans, dimicavisse. 

53. 1. Hoc beneficium a te numquam rogavissem. 
2. Verba nostra probet. 3. Verba vestra probavissent. 
4. Quis hunc hominem laudavisset ? 5. Milites hunc 
collern occupare temptant. 6. Laudate hos omnes 
milites. 7. Alind oppidum nunc oppugnaturi sumus. 
8. Omnes Galli sunt cupidi pugnandi. 9. Pecuniam 
quam paravimus conservemus. 10. Servate, elves, 

1 Verbs of the First Conjugation are so regular that their 
Principal Parts are not given in full. They are indicated in 
the Vocabularies by the figure 1, and, unless the contrary is 
stated, their Principal Parts are regularly formed in -6, -are, 
-avi, -atus, precisely like those of amo. 



24 First Conjugation: Indicative Passive. 

uxores et llberos vestros ! 11. Ancoras navium paranto. 
12. Mllites, victoriam desperantes, tamen acriter dimi- 
cabant. 

LESSON XIX. 

First Conjugation: Indicative Passive. 

Page 60. 

54. VOCABULARY. 

a, ab, prep. w. abl., by. multitudo, inis, 1, multitude. 

biduum, i, n., two days. nuntio, 1, 1 announce, report. 

conspectus, us, m., mew, pars, partis, f., part, side. 

sight. postulo, 1, I demand. 

exspecto, 1, I expect, await. reliquus, qua, quum, remain- 
friistra, in vain. ing. 

ignis, is, m.,ftre. saepe, often. 

litterae, arum, f. pi., a letter. sex, indecl., six. 

mora, ae, f., delay. telum, I, n., javelin. 

55. 1. Exspectabatur, exspectata est, exspectatae 
erant. 2. Exspectatus erat, exspectati sunt, exspec- 
tabuntur. 3. Laudati estis, laudaberis, laudaminL 
4. Superati sumus, superantur, superabor. 5. Vulne- 
ratur, vulneratus sum, vulnerabamur. 6. Vocaris, 
vocatus est, vocaberis. 7. Vocabaminl, vocatus eras, 
vocati estis. 8. Laudata erat, laudatae erunt, lauda- 
bimini. 

56. 1. Quis laudabatur? 2. Haec omnia oppida 
oppugnabuntur. 3. G-alli saepe superati l erant. 4. Hae 
sex naves frustra parabantur. 5. Postero die multi 

1 Observe that in the compound tenses of the passive, the 
participle agrees in gender and number with its subject, pre- 
cisely like an adjective. 



First Conjugation : Subjunctive Passive. 25 

mllites vulnerati sunt. 6. Legiones nostrae in con- 
spectti castrorum a niultitudine hostium superatae 
erant. 7. Mora bidui postulatur. 8. Hae litterae 
nuntiis mandantur. 9. Quod oppidum expugnatum 
est ? 10. Ordines pedituin tells hostium perturbaban- 
tur. 11. Quare perturbaris ? 12. Hi agrl ignl vas- 
tati erant. 

57. Old Roman Virtue. 

Curius, homo singularis virtutis, ad focum sedebat, 1 
cum legati Samnitium magnum pondus auri el affere- 
bant. 2 Sed Curius eos repudiavit. " Aurum," inquit, 3 
nolo habere ; 4 malo 5 els 6 imperare, qui habent. 7 

LESSON XX. 

First Conjugation: Subjunctive, Imperative, 
Infinitive, etc., Passive. 

Page 61. 

58. VOCABULAKY. 

disciplina, ae, f., discipline. onerarius, a, um, burden- 

majores, um, m. (lit. greater, bearing ; naves onerariae, 

sc. natu, by birth), ances- transports. 

tors. opportunus, a, um, Jit, op- 

mos, moris, m., custom. portune. 

non, not. statim, at once, immediately. 

vix, scarcely, with difficulty. 

1 sedebat : ivas sitting. 5 malo : I prefer. 

2 afferebant : brought. 6 els : 187, II, a. 
3 inquit: said he. 7 habent : have (it), viz. 
4 nolo habere : 1 do not gold. 

ivish to have. 



26 Review. 

59. 1. Laudemur,laudandus,laudatusesse. 2. Collis 
occupetur, collis occupatus esset, occupari. 3. Porta 
servetur, portae servatae essent, porta servata esset. 
4. Servarl, servandus, servatus. 5. Vocatus essem, 
vocati essetis, vocata esset. 6. Vocentur, vocatus, 
vocatus esse. 

60. 1. Sine auxilio nostro facile superatl essetis. 
2. Omnes portae sunt servandae. 3. Impetus hostium 
tardandus est. 4. Haec oppida facillime expugnata 
essent. 5. Verba vestra non probata essent. 6. Dis- 
ciplina et mores majorum nostrorum laudentur. 

7. Maximus numerus navium onerariarum statim 
paretur. 8. Legiones in loco opportuno collocandae 
sunt. 9. Sine vobis haec castra vix expugnata essent. 

LESSON XXI. 
Review. 

61. 1. Maximae classes summa dlligentia parandae 
sunt. 2. Haec victoria equitum nostrorum jam nun- 
tiata erat. 3. Haec oppida oppugnata erant. 4. Ad- 
ventus legatorum ntintiatur. 5. Terror animos omnium 
militum occupaverat. 6. Has gentes, milites, jam 
saepe superavistis. 7. Legiones proelio dimicabant. 

8. Quis fuit dux harum copiarum? 9. Prlncipes 
ctij usque civitatis ad se vocat. 10. Quasdam portas 
servabamus. 11. Conspectus harum urbium nos om- 
nes delectat. 12. Litteras tuas exspectabo. 13. Naves 
onerariae parantur. 



Second Conjugation: Active Voice. 27 

LESSON XXII. 

Second Conjugation : Active Voice. 

§103. 

62. VOCABULARY. 

arbor, oris, f., tree. jubeo, ere, jussi, jussus, 1 

augeo, ere, auxl, auctus, / order. 

increase. maneo, ere, mans!, man- 

commeatus, us, m., supplies. surus, I remain. 

compleo, ere, plevi, pletus, mare, is, n., sea. 

I fill up. moveo, ere, movi, motus, 

debeo, debere, debui, de- I move. 

bitus, / owe ; with an infin- opera, ae, f . , assistance. 

itive, I ought. populus, I, m., people. 

habeo, ere, habui, habitus, potestas, atis, f., power. 

I have, possess, hold. prohibeo, ere, ui, - itus, I 

ignominia, ae, f., ignominy, keep away, keep off, trans. 

disgrace. saxum, I, n., rock. 

imperium, I (ii), n., rule, video, ere, vidi, visus, I 

sway. see. 

63. 1. Jussit, jubemus, jussisse. 2. Jusserat, 
jubete, jubens. 3. Prohibuit, prohibuistis, prohibe- 
bit, prohibeamus. 4. Prohibeto, prohibendi, pro- 
hibuissemus, prohibuisse. 5. Habuimus, habuerat, 
habebat, habuit. 6. Habe, habittirus esse, habeat 
7. Habetis, habebunt, habuerint. 8. Vidisti, videra- 
mus, vidimus, viderunt. 9. Videbo, vident, videbas. 

64. 1. Debetis in hoc loco manere. 2. Signa 
hostium pro illis castris videramus. 3. Hostes sine 
auxilio vestro facile prohibuissemus. 4. Illas copias 



28 Second Conjugation : Passive Voice. 

commeatti prohibeamus. 5. Sine opera vestra totum 
mare in potestate nostra non habuissemus. 6. Illas 
fossas altas saxis et arboribus complebant. 7. Popu- 
lus Romanus imperium suum magnopere auxit. 8. Ig- 
nominiam vltare debemus. 9. Castra ab hoc loco 
mover at. 

LESSON XXIII. 

Second Conjugation: Passive Voice. 

§104. 

65. VOCABULARY. 

barbarus, I, m., a barbarian. subito, suddenly. 

celeriter, quickly. suspicio, onis, f., suspicion. 

commoveo, ere, movi, mo- sustineo, ere, ui, / with- 

tus, I stir up. stand. 

contumelia, ae, f., insult. timeo, ere, ui, I fear. 

nihil, indecl., nothing. videor, eri, visus sum, pass. 

peditatus, us, m., infantry. of video, I am seen, I seem, 

perterreo, ere, m, itus, I appear. 

terrify. 

66. 1. Visus est, visae erant, visi sunt. 2. Timere 
videntur, timere videbatur, timere visa est. 3. Pro- 
hibebamur, prohibit! sumus, prohibita erato 4. Pro- 
hibeantur,prohiberI ; prohibendus. 5. Juberi, jubeatur, 
jussus esset, jussus esse. 6. Jubebatur, jubebimur, 
jussi sumus. 7. Perterritae erant, perterrebaris, per- 
terrebiminl, perterrerl. 

67. 1. Suspiciones vestrae auctae sunt. 2. Milites 
nostri fossas hostium complevisse videntur. 3. Haec 
castra subito mota erant. 4. Impetus barbarorum 



Third Conjugation: Active Voice. 29 

fortiter sustinebitur. 5. Galli sunt prohibendi. 
6. Hae fossae celeriter completae essent. 7. In eo 
loco manere jussi eranms. 8. Nihil est timendum. 
9. VisI sunt magnopere perterreri. 10. Hi equites 
multitudine peditattis perterriti erant. 11. Omnes 
homines his contumeliis commoti sunt. 

68. The Death of Epaminondas. 

Epammondas Lacedaemonios apud Mantineam 
vicit, 1 sed ipse hasta vulneratus est. Primum rogavit 
num clipeus esset 2 salvus. Amici responderunt, " Sal- 
vus est." Deinde rogavit num hostes fusi essent. 3 
Ubi hoc audlvit, 4 jussit hastam evelll 5 qua trans- 
fixus 6 erat, atque laetus in victoria mortuus est. 7 

LESSON XXIV. 

Third Conjugation: Active Voice. 

§105. 

69. VOCABULARY. 

ad, prep. w. ace, near. contends, ere, tend!, ten- 

constituo, ere, ui, utus, / tuna, / hurry, hasten.* 

decide, determine. creber, bra, brum, numer- 

ous. 

1 vicit : conquered, was victorious over. 

2 esset : was. 

3 fusi essent : had been routed. 

4 audivit : heard. 5 evelli: to be pulled out. 

6 transfixus erat : had been pierced. 

7 mortuus est : he expired. 8 Page 83, footnote 1. 



30 Third Conjugation : Active Voice. 

custodia, ae, f., guard. munitio, onis, f., fortifica- 

defendo, ere, fendl, fensus, tion. 

I defend. planities, ei, f., plain. 

dispono, ere, posui, positus, post, prep. w. ace, be- 

I distribute. hind. 

gero, ere, gessi, gestus, / praesidium, I (ii), n., garri- 

wage. so?i, guard. 

in, prep. w. ace., into. relinquo, ere, liqui, rictus, 

mstruo, ere, struxi, struc- / leave, leave behind. 

tus, I draw up. vigilia, ae, f . , watch (of the 

medius, a, um, middle, the night). 

middle of. vinco, ere, vici, victus, / 

mitto, ere, misi, missus, I conquer. 

send. 

70. 1. Relinquemus, reliquimus, reliquisse. 2. Vin- 
cebamus, vicisse, vincendo. 3. Vlcimus, vicerant, 
vlcissem. 4. Defendat, defendere, defendite. 5. De- 
fendunt, defendent, defenderunt. 6. Instrtixerat, 
Instruunt, Instruebat, Instruens. 7. Instruendi, In- 
struxisse, Instrues. 8. Misisti, mittat, niitte, misisse, 
mittendi. 

71. 1. Praesidium in hoc loco relinquernus. 2. Cae- 
sar duas legiones in Hispaniam misit. 3. Castra 
defendere constituerat. 4. Bellum in Gallia geretur. 
5. Urbem custodils nostris defendamus. 6. Quis has 
litteras mittet ? 7. Omnes naves ad oras hujus Insu- 
lae reliquisse videtur. 8. Aciem longam in media 
planitie Instruximus. 9. Crebras vigilias post munl- 
tiones disposuerat. 10. Omnes copias hostium facile 
vicissemus. 11. In Galliam magnis itineribus con- 
tendit. 



Third Conjugation: Passive Voice. 31 

LESSON XXV. 

Third Conjugation: Passive Voice. 

§106. 

72. VOC ABU LAKY. 

arcesso, ere, Ivi, itus, I sum- e, ex, prep. w. abl., out of, 

mon. from; e is not used before 

ceteri, ae, a, the other, the vowels or h. 

rest of educo, ere, duxi, ductus, 

cogo, ere, coegi, coactus, I lead forth. 

I force, compel. hie, here. 

consumo, ere, sumpsi, instruo, ere, striixi, struc- 

sumptus, / use up, con- tus, I fit out. 

sume. reduco, ere, duxi, ductus, 

contra, prep. w. ace. , against. lead back. 

duco, ere, duxi, ductus, / silva, ae, f., forest. 

lead. 

73. 1. Bellum geretur, bellum geratur, belluni 
gestum est, bellum gestum esset. 2. Bella gesta sunt, 
bella gerebantur, bella geruntur. 3. Victus est, vinci, 
victus esse, victus. 4. Vincendus, victl sunt, vincun- 
tur, vincebatur. 5. Missi sumus, mittetur, mittitur. 
6. Mitti, missus esset, missa erat. 

74. 1. Ceteri obsides ad nos missi erant. 2. Ab 
omnibus amicus nostris clefendemur. 3. Hae legiones 
ad altera castra reductae sunt. 4. Praesiclium hie 
relictum est. 5. Tti manere coactus esses. 6. Multa 
bella gerentur. 7. Duae cohortes contra hostes mitte- 
bantur. 8. Hae naves omnibus rebus Instructae erant. 
9. Omne tempus consumptum est. 10. Legiones e 



32 Fourth Conjugation : Active Voice. 

castris educantur. 11. Socii nostri arcessi debent. 
12. Agmen longum per silvas ductum erat. 

75. How the Day was Saved. 

Kes 1 in angusto 2 fuit. Caesar, qui periculum vidit, 
ipse ad legionem decurrit. In prlmam aciem procedit; 
scutum uni ex militibus 8 detrahit. Centuriones nomi- 
nating appellans, proelium redintegrat. Turn milites 
audacius pugnant ; impetus hostium tardatur ; magnus 
numerus eorum cadit atque reliqui 4 pelluntur. 

LESSON XXVI. 

Fourth Conjugation : Active Voice. 

§107. 

76. VOCABULARY. 

audio, Ire, Ivi, itus, I hear, munio, ire, Ivi (ii), itus, / 

hear of. fortify. 

causa, ae, f., cause. occasio, orris, f., occasion, 

comperio, ire, peri, pertus, opportunity. 

I find out. postea, afterwards. 

convenio, ire, veni,ventum, reperio, ire, repperi, reper- 

come together, assemble. tus, I discover, find. 

eodem, to the same place. umquam, ever. 

fama, ae, i, report. undique, from all parts or 

impedio, ire, ivi (ii), itus, / sides. 

impede, hinder. verrio, ire, veni, ventum, / 

come. 

1 res : the situation. 3 uni ex militibus : from 

2 in angustS : lit. in a nar- one (lit. to one) of the soldiers, 
row {place), i.e. critical. 4 reliqui: the rest. 



Fourth Conjugation: Passive Voice. 33 

77. 1. Venire, veniendl, venissern. 2. Venietis, 
venerunt, veniebat. 3. Veniarnus, venite, veneras. 
4. Muniebatis, niunivit, munlvisse. 5. Munittirus 
esse, muniens, muniendo. 6. Convenimus, convene- 
ratis, convenitis, convenient. 7. Convenisse, convene- 
runt, convenlmus, convenite. 8. Comperit, compererat, 
comperistis. 9. Comperiet, comperiebant. 

78. 1. Ilium collem muniebamus. 2. In eum lo- 
cum convenerunt. 3. Munite, milites, hanc urbem ! 
4. Hostes iter exercitus nostri impediverunt. 5. Ger- 
man! undique e silvls convenerant. 6. Famam illlus 
proeli audivimus. 7. Has res postea comperi. 8. Nos 
omnes eodem conveniamus ! 9. Talem occasionem 
non facile repperissemus. 10. Quis umquam tales 
causas morae audlvit ? 11. Ceteras legiones, quae 
nondum convenerant, exspectabamus. 

LESSON XXVII. 

Fourth. Conjugation: Passive Voice. 

§108. 

79. VOCABULARY. 

aqua, ae, f., water. paene, almost, nearly. 

circumvenio, ire, veni, ven- procurro, ere, cucurri, cur- 

tus, I surround. sum, I run forward. 

extra, prep. w. ace, outside, temere, rashly. 

beyond. vox, vocis, f., voice, word, 

invenio, ire, veni, ventus, / exclamation. 

find. 



34 Fourth Conjugation: Passive Voice. 

80. 1. Eepertus esse, reperiatur, reperta est. 2. Ee- 
perietur, repertl sunt, reperltur. 3. Urbs munietur, 
urbs mtinita erat, urbs munitur. 4. Urbes munie- 
bantur, urbes munitae sunt, urbes muniantur. 5. Cir- 
cumvenlmur, circumventus est, circumventus esset. 
6. Circumventus esse, circumveniatur, circumventus, 
circum veniendu s. 

81. 1. A multitudine hostium circumvent! sumus. 

2. Hi captlvl duabus cohortibus circumvenientur. 

3. Nihil repertum est. 4. Nulla alia vox audietur. 
5. Castra majora mtinienda sunt. 6. Aqua sub his 
saxis inventa est. 7. Magna copia frtimenti in his 
regionibus invenirl debet. 8. Una cohors, quae temere 
extra aciem procucurrerat, paene circumventa est. 
9. Difficilibus locis impediebantur. 10. Haec nrbs 
statim muniatur. 

82. HORATIUS AT THE BKIDGE. 

Horatius Codes erat vir Eomanus fortissimns. 
Etrusci olim Eomam capere l temptabant ; sed ille ex- 
tremam partem pontis occupavit, quern Etrusci opptig- 
nabant, atque solus totum hostium agmen sustinuit. 
Audacter pugnavit donee ab alils Eomanls pons a tergo 2 
rescissus est. 3 Turn armatus se in Tiberim misit, 
atque incolumis ad suos 4 transnavit. Clvitas erga 

1 capere : to capture. 

2 a. tergo : from behind. 

3 rescissus est : from rescindo. 

4 ad suos : lit. to his own, i.e. to his friends. 



Verbs in -io of the Third Conjugation. 35 

tantam virtutem grata fuit; ei tantum 1 agri public! 
datum est, quantum 2 uno die circumarare potuit. 3 
Statua quoque el 4 in Comitio posita est. 5 



LESSON XXVIII. 
Verbs in -io of the Third Conjugation. 

§§ 109-111. 

83. VOCABULARY. 

accipio, ere, cepi, ceptus, interficio, ere, feci, fectus, 

/ receive. I kill. 

capio, ere, cepi, captus, / pons, pontis, m., bridge. 

take, capture. recipio, ere, cepi, ceptus, 
diripio, ere, ripui, reptus, / take back ; with reflexive 

I plunder. se, to retreat. 

facio, ere, feci, factus, / scutum, I, n., shield. 

make, do. suscipio, ere, cepi, ceptus, 
fugio, ere, fugi, fugiturus, / I undertake. 

flee, escape from. unde, whence. 

84. 1. Suscepisse, suscipiendi, suscipT. 2. Fugitis, 
fugiant, fugisseut. 3. Fugite, fugistis, fugit. 4. In- 
terfectus est, interficiendus, interfecisse. 5. Inter- 
fecerunt, interficientur, interfecta erat. 6. Accipi, 
accipiens, accipiendo. 7. Accipiantur, accipis, acci- 
pietis. 8. Diripuisse, diripit, diripuerit. 9. Fecerunt, 
feceras, facietis. 

1 tantum : as much. 3 potuit : he icas able. 

2 quantum : as. 4 ei : to him, in his honor. 

5 posita est : from pond. 



36 Deponent Verbs. 

85. 1. Ad montem, unde modo venerant, se recepe- 
runt. 2. Gall! omnes captivos magnis suppliciis interfi- 
ciunt. 3. Uxor AriovistI a Caesare capta est. 4. Om- 
nia haec oppida direpta essent. 5. Pontem in Bheno 1 
faciainus ! 6. Legat! hujus regis a nobis accept! sunt. 
7. Mandata tua accepimus. 8. Ex his periculis fugie- 
mus. 9. Ex hoc oppido magnum numerum scutorum 
et telorum diripuimus. 10. Nova officia nunc suscipi- 
mus. 11. Hie homo interne! debet. 

LESSON XXIX. 

Deponent Verbs. 

§§ 112-114, 1. 

86. VOCABULARY. 

Aprllis, e, of April. nemo, c. (§57, 3), no one. 

audeo, ere, ausus sum ; moror, ari, moratus sum, 

semi-dep., I dare. I tarry , delay . 

colloquor, I, locutus sum, / paulum, a little. 

confer. per, prep. w. ace, through, 

conor, ari, atus sum, I en- during. 

deavor, attempt. post, prep. w. ace, after. 

egredior, gredi, gressus proficiscor, I, profectus 

sum, i" march out. sum, / set out. 

fines, ium, m. pi., boundaries, queror, i, questus sum, / 

territory (pi. of finis, end). complain. 

HelvetiT, orum, m., HeU resisto, ere, restiti, I resist. 

vetii, a Gallic tribe. (§ 187, II, a). 

mensis, is, m., month. revertor, i, I return. 

1 The Romans speak of making a bridge 'in a. river,' where 
we say ' over a river.' 



Deponent Verbs, 37 

87. 1. Moremur, morainur, morabimur. 2. Morata 
est, morata esset, morans. 3. Moratus esse, moratus, 
morando. 4. Collocuti sunius, colloquimur, colloquan- 
tur. 5. Proficiscere, proficiscatur, profecti essent. 
6. Profectus, proficiscebatur, proficiscere. 7. Keverti- 
mini, revertentur, revertebamur. 8. Audetis, ausus 
est, audebimus. « 

88. 1. Hunc collem natura munitum defendere 
conabimur. 2. Helvetii e suis flnibus egress! sunt. 
3. Nemo ausus est proficiscl. 4. Has litteras mittere 
nondum conati sumus. 5. Quis resistere audebit? 
6. Copiae paulum morabuntur. 7. In banc urbem 
celeriter revertemur. 8. Per mensem Aprilem in hac 
provincia morabatur. 9. Post quinque dies proficisce- 
tur. 10. Natura loci exercitum morata est. 11. Se- 
quani de injuriis Germanorum queruntur. 

89. How Corvinus Won His Name. 

Exercitus Romanus adversus Gallos profectus erat, 
cum 1 quidam ex 2 Gallis unum ex 2 Komanis provocavit. 
Turn Marcus Valerius se obtulit 3 et processit armatus 
in pugnam. Corvus super ejus dextrum braccliium 
sedit, et alls atque unguibus oculos Galli verberabat. 
Sic superavit Valerius et a corvo nomen Corvmum 
accepit. 

1 cum : ivJien. 

2 ex: of 

3 se obtulit : presented himself. 



38 The Periphrastic Conjugations. 

LESSON XXX. 

The Periphrastic Conjugations. 
§ 115. 

90. VOCABULARY. 

aedificium, I (ii), n., build- institutum, I, n., institution. 

ing. modus, I, m., manner, way. 

atque, and, and also. regnum, I, n., regal power, 
dic5, ere, dixi, dictus, I say, kingdom. 

tell. subsidium, I (ii), n., assist- 
effugio, ere, fugi, fugiturus, ance. 

I escape. trado, ere, tradidi, traditus, 
incipio, ere, cepi, ceptus, I I hand over. 

begin. 

91. 1. Dictum s est, dicttiri sunt, dicturus erat. 
2. Dicttira erat, dicttiri fuerunt, dicttiri estis. 3. Pro- 
fecttirus fm, profecttirl eramus, profecttira est. 

4. Tradendus est, tradendi sunt, tradenda est. 

5. Tradittirus es, tradittirus fuistl, traditurl fuerunt. 

6. Sequendus est, sequendi sunt, sequendus es. 

7. Sectiturus est, secutura fuit, sectiturl eramus. 

92. 1. Hoc dicttiri eramus. 2. Milites nostri hoc 
oppidum oppugnattiri erant. 3. Ea profecttira fuit. 
4. Haec castra defendenda sunt. 5. Pax cum alils 
civitatibus confirmanda est. 6. Llbertas nostra de- 
fendenda est. 7. Bellum gesttirus fuit. 8. Sese 
traditurl fuerunt. 9. Hoc regnum atque haec Insti- 
ttita defenstiri sumus. 10. Haec nova aedificia incipi- 
enda sunt. 11. Sociis nostris subsidium missuri 
fuimus. 12. AliquI modus effugiendi inveniendus est. 



Irregular Verbs : Possum, Do. 39 

LESSON XXXI. 
Review. 

93. 1. Hae clvitates in amicitia Belgarum man- 
serant. 2. Slgna militaria vidimus. 3. Quis eos 
timebit? 4. Del hostes prohibeant 5. Equites nos- 
tri illud oppidum exptignavisse videntur. 6. Milites 
in castrls continebuntur. 7. Partem auxiliorum reli- 
querat. 8. Has provincias f ortiter def endemus. 9. Legi- 
ones in castra reduxerat. 10. Has naves relinqnere 
coguntur. 11. LegatT totlus Galliae undique con- 
veniunt. 12. Plurimi ntintii venerunt. 13. Equitatus 
noster agmen hostium impediet. 14. Magna copia 
frtimenti in his regionibus inventa est. 

LESSON XXXII. 

Irregular Verbs : Compounds of Sum; Possum; Do. 

§§ 124-127. 

94. VOCABULARY. 

absum, esse, afuT, afuturus, facultas, tatis, f., supply ; pi. 

I am absent, distant. riches. 

ac (atque), and, and also; flducia, ae, f., confidence. 

ac is not used before vowels. hiberna, orum, n. pi., winter 

adsum, adesse, adfui, / am quarters. 

present, at hand. longe, far. 

adversarius, ii, m., adver- pauci, ae, a, few; used only 

sary. in plural. 

Africa, ae, f., Africa. possessio, onis, f., posses- 

amplus, a, um, ample. sion. 

certus, a, um, sure. praesum, esse, fui, / am in 

desum, deesse, defui, defu- charge of. 

turus, I am wanting, I fail. Romulus, i, m., Bomulus. 



40 Irregular Verbs : Possum, Do. 

95. 1. Afui, aberunt, afuturus, absens. 2. Aderant, 
adero, adfuisti. 3. PotuI, posse, poterat. 4. Potero, 
potuero, poterunt, potuerint, potuerunt. 5. Potuisse, 
potuissem, possit. 6. Possunt, potuit, potuerat. 7. De- 
derit, dent, dedissent. 8. Dabat, dedisse, dandi. 
9. Dedit, dabunt, dederunt, dedistis. 10. Praefuisse, 
praefuissent, praefuit. 

96. 1. Magna pecfmia tibi jam data erat. 2. Fidu- 
cia nobis defuit. 3. Adversaril tui aderant. 4. Quare 
hiberna els legionibus defuerunt? 5. Quis mihi am- 
plas facilitates dabit ? 6. Italia ab Africa longe abest. 
7. Quid aliud facere possumus ? 8. Principem htijus 
legationis audire non potuimus. 9. Possessionem 
hujus agri dedisti. 10. Romulus populo Romano 
mores ac leges dederat. 11. Date nobis certain 
spem ! 12. Adesse non potero. 

97. The Lamb and the Wolf. 

Agnus et lupus ad eundem rivum venerant. Lupus 
stabat superior, et longe inferior agnus. Turn lupus, 
" Cur " inquit " turbulentam * milii fecisti aquam ? " At 
agnus, 2 "Qui 3 possum id facere? Aqua a te ad me 
decurrit." Sic repulsus lupus, "Ante sex menses," in- 
quit " maledlxisti mihi." Respondit agnus, " Ego non- 
dum natus eram." Lupus, " Certe pater tuus " inquit 
" mihi maledixit," itaque agnum laceravit. 

1 cur turbulentam fecisti aquam : why have you made the 

water muddy ? 

2 agnus : i.e. the lamb said. 3 Qui : how ? 



Irregular Verbs : Fer6 and Compounds. 41 

LESSON XXXIII. 

Irregular Verbs : Fero and its Compounds. 

§129. 

98, VOCABULARY. 

affero, ferre, attuli, allatus, labor, oris, m., labor, exer- 

I bring. tion. 

calamitas, tatis, f., calamity. perfero, ferre, tuli, latus, I 
confero, ferre, tuli, collatus, endure. 

I bring together ; se con- protinus, forthwith, straight- 

ferre, to betake oneself. ivay. 

de, prep. w. abl., concerning ; r efer 6, ferre, rettuli, relatus, 

of, from. I bring back, return. 

dolor, oris, m., grief. tot, indecl., so many. 

interea, in the meanwhile. tumultus, us, m., uprising. 

99. 1. Rettuli, relatus, rettulisse. 2. Feramus, 
feremus, ferunt, ferent. 3. Tulerunt, ferendl, laturus. 
4. Tulisse, ferens, ferebat. 5. Affertur, afferetur, 
allatus est. 6. Referebatur, referri, relatus esse. 
7. Referens, referendo, relaturus. 8. Contuleram, 
contulissemus, contulisse. 9. Conferrl, collatus, con- 
ferendi. 

100. 1. Signa protinus relata sunt. 2. Helvetii se 
ad montem con tulerunt. 3. Vobis subsidium feremus. 
4. Quis haec supplicia perferre poterit ? 5. Hie 
ntintius f amain de tumultu attulit. 6. Interea has tot 
calamitates perferebamus. 7. Sine liac spe hos labores 
numquam pertulissem. 8. Magna copia frtimenti 
allata erat. 9. Adventus repentinus Caesaris novas 



42 Irregular Verbs: Vol5, Nolo, Malo, Flo. 

spes mllitibus affert. 10. Haec impedimenta refere- 
bantur. 11. Hos dolores perferre rion potuissem. 

LESSON XXXIV. 
Irregular Verbs : Volo, Nolo, Malo, Flo. 

§§ 130 ; 131. 

101. VOCABULARY. 

adorior, Iri, ortus sum, / flo, fieri, factus sum, be done, 

attack. occur; become. 

certior, comp. of certus ; funditor, oris, m., sling er. 

more certain ; certior fieri, lapis, idis, in., stone. 

to be informed. maritimus, a, um, of the sea, 
creber, bra, brum, frequent. maritime. 

credo, ere, didi, ditum, / ob, prep. w. ace, on account 

believe. of. 

defectio, orris, f., revolt. recens, entis, recent. 

discedo, ere, cessi, cessu- tim or, oris, m., fear. 

rus, / depart, withdraw. vallum, I, n., intrenchment. 

dissensiS, onis, f., disagree- volo, velle, volui, / wish, 

ment. am willing. 

fere, generally. 

102. 1. Mavis, maluisse, mavult. 2. Malit, malet, 
maluit. 3. Maluerant, malebat, malumus. 4. Volue- 
ram, voluissetis, voluit. 5. Voluistis, voluisse, volunt. 
6. Volent, volueramus, voletis. 7. Noluisse, noluit, 
nolunt. 8. Nolet, non vult, noluerant. 9. Nolumus, 
nolebat, noluisti. 10. Fit, factus est, factum erat. 
11. Fiat, factus, factus esse. 

103. 1. Discedere maluerat. 2. Caesar de his re- 
bus certior factus erat. 3. Nemo hie manere maluit. 



Irregular Verbs: Volo, Nolo, Malo, Flo. 43 

4. Recentes victorias laudare volumus. 5. Quid ma- 
luisses ? 6. Ob has causas crebrae dissensiones fie- 
bant. 7. Ob timores hoc vallum adoriri noluerunt. 
8. Ab ora maritima discedere volebat. 9. Galll in 
libertate manere malunt. 10. Homines id quod vo- 
lunt fere credunt. 11. Nos de defectione Gallorum 
certiores fact! sumus. 12. Funditores lapides volebant. 

104. The Philosopher and the King. 

Philosophus a rege talentum petiit. Rex respondit, 
a Talentum est plus quam 1 quod 2 philosophus petere 
debet." Tunc denarium petiit, cum rex respondit, 
"Denarius est minus quam quod rex dare debet." 

The Fox and the Grapes. 

Vulpes fame coacta 3 tivam in alta vlnea pendentem 4 
appetebat, summis vlribus saliens. Ut 5 tangere non 
potuit, discessit. " Nondum," inquit, " matura est ; nolo 
acerbam 6 sum ere." 



1 quam : than. 2 quod : what. 

3 fame coacta : forced by hunger. 

4 pendentem : hanging. 5 ut : as, when. 

6 acerbam : limiting earn understood referring to iivam ; 
translate : when sour. 



44 E6 and Compounds ; Defective Verbs. 

LESSON XXXV. 

Irregular Verbs : Eo and Compounds; Defective 
Verbs. 

§§ 132 ; 133. 

105. VOCABULARY. 

adeo, ire, il, iturus, I ap- initium, I (ii), n., beginning. 

proach. intereo, ire, ii, iturus, / 

circiter, about. perish. 

circumeo, ire, ii, itus, I go per e 6, ire, ii, iturus, I perish. 

around, surround. redeo, ire, ii, iturus, I return, 

clam, secretly. go back. 

flumen, inis, n., river. transeo, ire, ii, itus, I cross, 

hue, hither. cross over. 

ibi, there, in that place. trecenti, ae, a, threehundred. 

ineo, ire, ii, itus, I enter turn, then, at that time. 

upon; consilium inire, vadum, I, n., ford, shallow 

to form a plan. water. 

106. 1. Interiisse, interiens, interittirus. 2. Interiit, 
interierat, interlre. 3. Translbamus, transiit, transl- 
bunt. 4. Translbimus, transiimus, transeunt. 5. Adi- 
mus, adibant, adil, adiisse. 6. Aditurus esse, adiit, 
adierant, adiissem. 7. Bedibitis, redierunt, redibas. 
8. Kediens, redieratis, redlbunt^ redltis. 9. Odisse, 
meminisse, 6dit ? meminit. 

107. 1. Hoc flumen clam transiimus. 2. Circiter 
trecenti pedites redierunt. 3. Rhenus flumen in hoc 
loco vado transitur. 4. Vallum adire vix coeperant. 
5. Haec castra circumiit. 6. Consilium melius inea- 
mus. 7. Omnes injurias meministi quas f rater tuus 



Impersonal Verbs. 45 

pertulit. 8. Duo millia equitum ibi perierunt. 
9. Hue redeat. 10. Ex hac provincia in urbem 
redierat. 11. Quare initium transeundi tuni fecisti? 

LESSOR XXXVI. 

Impersonal Verbs. — Questions and Answers. 

§§ 138 ; 162, 1, 2, 5. 

108. VOCABULARY. 

abeo, ire, ii, iturus, / go oportet, ere, oportuit, it 

away. behooves. 

accido, ere, idi, happen. per, prep. w. ace, through, 

advenio, ire, veni, ventum, by. 

I arrive. perfuga, ae, m., deserter. 

concurro, ere, i, cursum, pervenio, Tre, veni, ventum, 

run together. I come, arrive. 

incommodum, T, n., disaster. quando, interrog., when f 

licet, impers., it is permitted. quo, interr., whither ? 

neglego, ere, lexi , lectus, / scribo, ere, scrips!, scrip- 

neglect. tus, / ivrite. 

109. 1. Licuit, licebat, licebit. 2. Oportebat, opor- 
tuit, acciderat. 3. Verendum est, verendum erat. 
4. Conveniendum est, conventum est, ad ventum erat. 

110. 1. Quis ibi mansit ? 2. Adeundum est. 3. Eo 
perventum erat. 4. Statim dimicatum est. 5. Un- 
dique ad munltiones concurritur. 6. Nonne Vetera 
incommoda meministl ? Bene memini. 7. Quo 
abierunt ? 8. Hasne litteras scrlpsisses ? Non 
scripsissem. 9. Ubi eras ? 10. Quando ad nos re- 
dibitis ? 11. Quid dixisses ? 12. Num ofiicium 
negleges ? Non neglegam. 



46 Review. 

111. 1. Are you neglecting your duties ?« 2. Is it 
permitted to write a letter here ? 3. Who fears dis- 
asters now ? No one. 4. What rewards did you give 
to these brave soldiers ? 5. Will you not go to the 
city ? Certainly. Will you l ? 6. When will the sur- 
render occur ? 7. You haven't weapons, have you ? 
No. 8. Have you defended the gates of this town ? 
Yes. 9. Do you remember my favors ? 



LESSON XXXVII. 

Eeview. 

112. 1. Caesar eo rediit, unde profectus erat. 
2. Hostes initium transeundi faciunt. 3. Equites, 
qui Ehenum transierant, nondum redierant. 4. Hostes 
dextrum cornti circumire conantur. 5. De his rebus 
per perfugas certior f actus est. 6. Quare socios nos- 
tros semper vexare vultis ? 7. Ob earn rem crebra 
proelia fiebant. 8. Ex castris Gallorum fit repentma 
fuga. 9. Helvetii impedimenta in unum locum contu- 
lerunt. 10. Hie ntintius condiciones pacis affert. 
11. Ignominiam ferre non possumus. 12. Multas 
calamitates pertulimus. 13. Equites et naves et fru- 
mentum Eomanis deerant. 

1 The verb must be expressed. 



SYNTAX. 

THE CASES. 



LESSON XXXVIII. 

Accusative of Direct Object. — Two Accusatives: 
Direct Object and Predicate Accusative. 



113. 



§§172; 173; 177,1,2,3. 



VOCABULARY. 



ad, prep. w. ace, for (denot- 
ing purpose). 

appello, 1, I name, call. 

audax, acis, courageous. 

certiorem facere, to inform, 
lit. to make more certain. 

Cicero, onis, m. , Cicero, the 
Roman orator. [choose. 

deligo, ere, legi, lectus, / 

efficio, ere, feci, fectus, / 
make, render. 



Galba, ae, m., Galba, a man's 

name. 
Geneva, ae, f., Geneva, a 

town of the Allobroges. 
idoneus, a, urn, suitable. 
judico, 1, I judge, adjudge. 
Kalendae, arum, f. pi., the 

Kalends, first day of the 

month. 
orator, oris, m., orator. 



114. 1. Helvetii hoc oppidum Genevam appella- 
verunt. 2. Virtus imperatoris milites fortiores effecit. 
3. Galba dux factus erat. 4. Te de adventu equitura 
certiorem feceram. 5. Hunc collem ad muniendum 
idoneurn judicavit. 6. Quis homo dux delectus est? 

47 



48 Accusative of Direct Object. 

7. Ilium virum, qui fortissimus erat, duceni delegimus. 

8. Ciceronem, oratorem optimum, consulem fecimus. 

9. Roman! prlmum diem cujusque mensis Kalendas 
appellaverunt. 

115. 1. The troops adjudged Galba the victor. 
2. Cicero was chosen consul. 3. He immediately in- 
formed the senate of these plots. 4. Galba had been 
made commander by the soldiers. 5. Marcus will be 
called noble and courageous. 6. He would have shown 
himself a powerful adversary. 7. Marcus judged this 
victory a great calamity. 8. Caesar adjudged the 
Belgians the bravest of all the Gauls.- 9. Time and 
place often make men bold. 10. We shall choose you 
praetor. 

116. Incorruptible. 

Legatus quidam a rege Persarum magnum pondus 
auri ferens Thebas x venit, ut Epaminondam pecunia 
corrumperet. 2 Is autem 3 aurum accipere noluit. " Ni- 
hil enim/ ? inquit, " opus pecunia est. 4 Nam si rex ea 
vult quae Thebanis sunt utilia, sine pecunia faciam; 
sin contraria vult, non satis auri et argent! 5 habet." 

1 Thebas : to Thebes. 

• 2 ut corrumperet : in order that he might bribe, in order to 
bribe. 

3 Is autem : but he ; autem regularly stands second in the 
Latin sentence. 

4 nihil opus pecunia est : there is no need of money. 

5 satis auri et argenti : lit. enough of gold and silver, i.e. 
enough gold and silver. 



Two Accusatives: Person and Thing. 49 

LESSON XXXIX. 

Two Accusatives: Person and Thing; Accusative 
with Compounds; Accusative of Time and 
Space; Accusative of Limit of Motion. 

§§ 178, a,b,c, 179, 1, 3 ; 181, 1 ; 182, 1, a, b ; 182, 2. 

117. VOCABULARY. 

annus, I, m., year. octoginta, indecl., eighty. 

Athenae, arum, f . pi. , Athens. passus, us, m., pace (five 

contineo, ere, ui, / confine, feet). 

keep. [Danube. pes, pedis, m., foot. 

Danuvius, I (ii), m., the procedo, ere, cessi, cessii- 

Darius, I, m., Darius. rus, I advance. 

doce5, ere, ui, doctus, / tradiico, ere, duxi, ductus, 

teach. I lead across. 

flagito, 1, I demand. triduum, i, n., three days. 

hiems, is, f., winter. turris, is, f., tower. 

obtineo, ere, ui, tentus, / vivo, ere, vixi, victurus, 1 

occupy, hold. live. 

118. 1. Post initium hiemis tres menses in his 
regionibus moratus est. 2. Postea decern millia pas- 
suum processerunt. 3. Darius copias suas Danuvium 
tradtixit. 4. Ilia turris triginta pedes alta fuit. 

5. Caesar multos annos bellum in Gallia gessit. 

6. Hie locus trecentos passus aberat. 7. Te pectiniarn 
quam mihi debes flagitabam. 8. Hie rex triginta 
annos regnum obtinuit, octoginta vixit. 9. Triduum 
mansimus incolumes. 10. Copias totam hiemem in 
castrls continuit. 11. Copiae Danuvium traductae 
sunt. 



50 The Dative of Indirect Object. 

119. 1. I have often reminded you (of) this. 2. Ario- 
vistus will lead the barbarians across the Rhine. 
3. We have been friends many years. 4. Darius had 
kept his prisoners in this tower for ten months. 5. The 
envoys ask aid of Caesar. 6. I will teach you all 
these things. 7. They could scarcely advance eighty 
paces into the forest. 8. Caesar demanded thirty 
hostages of the Helvetians. 9. They will return 
home. 10. When shall we come to Athens? 



LESSON XL. 

The Dative of Indirect Object. 

§§ 186 ; 187, I, II, III. 

120. VOCABULARY. 

antea, previously, before. persuaded, ere, suasi, sua- 

confido ere, fisus sum sum, I persuade. 

(§ 114, 1), / trust. placeo, ere, ui, itiirus, / 

donum, I, n., gift. please. 

Infero, ferre, tuli, latus, / praeficio, ere, feci, fectus, 

bring upon, bring against. I put in charge, place in 

noceo, ere, nocui, nocitii- command. 

rus, I injure, harm. res publica, gen. rei publi- 

oratio, onis, f., speech. cae, f., state, republic. 

parco, ere, peperci, parsu- sermo, onis, m., conversa- 

rus, / spare, tion. 

121. 1. Parcite, elves, rei publicae. 2. Has litteras 
tibi jam miseram. 3. Egone vobis nocui ? 4. Confi- 
dite, milites, imperatori vestro ! 5. Null is legatis 
oratione mea persuadere poteram. 6. Te castris mi- 



The Dative of Indirect Object, 51 

noribus praefeceram. 7. Galba his hlbernis praefuit. 
8. Nemo nobis bellum inferet. 9. Fratri tuo facile 
persuasissem. 10. Huic negotio te praeficiemus. 
11. Hie sermo mihi maxime placuerat. 12. Militibus 
jam antea persuaserat. 

122. 1. The senate put Cicero in charge of the 
republic. 2. The Sequani sent swords and other gifts 
to the Germans. 3. Darius spared the lives of almost 
all his prisoners. 4. His conversation greatly pleases 
me. 5. We shall persuade the commander of this co- 
hort. 6. Trust your friends. 7. We shall bravely 
resist the enemy. 8. I sent a man whom I especially 
trusted. 9. These terms of peace pleased no one. 

123. Two Jests of Cicero. 

1. Vatinius tantum l paucos dies consulatum gessit. 
Hinc Cicero notabili urbanitate dixit, " Magnum os- 
tentum anno Vatini factum est, quod illo consule 2 nee 
hiems nee ver nee aestas nee autumnus fuit." 2. Len- 
tulus, gener Ciceronis, fuit homo exiguae stattirae. 
Cum 3 socer ilium longo gladio acclnctum vidisset, 
" Quis " inquit " generum meum ad ilium gladium alli- 
gavit ? " 

1 tantum : only. 

2 illo consule : lit. he (being) consul, i.e. in his consulship. 

3 cum vidisset : translate as though indicative, — when he 
had seen. 



52 Dative of Reference; of Agency. 

LESSON XLI. 

Dative of Reference; of Agency; of Possession; 
of Purpose; with Adjectives. 

§§ 188, 1 and Note ; 189, 1 ; 190 ; 191 ; 192, 1, 2. 
VOCABULARY. 

adversus, a, um, adverse. par, paris, equal; w. dat., a 

colloquium, i (ii), n., con- match for. 

ference. tarn, so (of degree). 

corpus, oris, n., body. usus, us, m., use, service. 

inimicus, a, um, hostile. ventus, I, m., wind. 
obstruo, ere, struxi, struc- 

tus, / block, obstruct. 

125. 1. Haec castra nobis fortiter defendenda sunt. 

2. Haec verba tibi probanda sunt. 3. Consilium ves- 
trum mi hi magno usui erat. 4. Facultates amplae 
amlco meo sunt. 5. Diem colloquio constituamus. 
6. Hunc locum castris delegerat. 7. Magnae classes 
Romanls erant. 8. Quare mihi tarn inimicus eras ? 
9. G-alli exercitui Romano non pares erant. 10. Hi 
viri hostibus iter suis corporibus obstruxerurit. 11. Hie 
ventus navibus nostris adversus fuit. 

126. 1. Aid must be sent by Ariovistus without 
delay. 2. He will choose a place suitable for a fort. 

3. These towns are next to the sea. 4. He gave (to) the 
soldiers swords and shields for rewards. 5. Caesar 
was obstructing the march of the Helvetians. 6. He 
has always been hostile to me. 7. The fields and 
rivers seem beautiful to Marcus. 8. This plain was 
suitable for a cavalry battle. 



The Genitive with Nouns, 53 

LESSON XLIL 

The Genitive with Nouns. 

§§ 195 ; 198 ; 199 ; 200 ; 201, 1, 2 ; 203. 

127. VOCABULARY. 

aestas, atis, f., summer. levis, e, light. 

altitudo, inis, f., height ; modus, I, rn., kind, sort. 

depth. nonnullus, a, urn, some. 

armatura, ae, f., equip- occido, ere, occidi, occi- 

ment. sus, I kill, 

causa, ae, f. , cause. parum, indecl., little, too 

duodecim, indecl., twelve. little. 

enim, for ; cannot begin a quantum, how much f 

sentence. satis, enough. 

etiam, also. singularis, e, matchless. 

gratus, a, um, pleasing, wel- supersum, esse, ml, remain. 

come. virtus, tutis, f., virtue. 

128. 1. Quantum pabuli in castris fuit ? 2. Memo- 
ria tua beneficiorum nieorum milii gratissima est. 
3. Non erat satis pecuniae. 4. Hie adulescens sin- 
gularis virtutis est. 5. Milites nostri fossam duodecim 
pedum in altitudinem 1 compleverunt. 6. Erant etiam 
milites nonnulli levis armaturae. 7. Non multum 
aestatis supererat. 8. Parum praesidi nobis est. 
9. Maxima pars equitatus occisa est. 10. Nemo plus 
auctoritatis quam Caesar turn habebat. 11. Hie enim 
maximae auctoritatis fuit. 

129. 1. How much, money have you ? 2. The in- 
fluence of this chief renders the Helvetians hostile to 

1 Literally, into depth. Translate : in depth. 



54 The Genitive with Adjectives and Verbs. 

the .Romans. 3. A ditch of great depth blocks the 
march. 4. The Sequani are of matchless valor and 
fidelity. 5. How much grain have you ? 6. He is (a 
man) of small influence among these tribes. 7. I have 
not enough money. 8. The soldiers have begun to 
have suspicions of danger. 9. The terror of the 
citizens is without cause. 10. Have you ever seen a 
man of this kind before ? 

130. The Frog and the Ox. 

In prato quondam rana bovem conspexit et invidia 
tacta pellem mflavit. Turn natos 1 rogavit num 2 bove 
latior 3 esset. IllI negabant. Etirsus pellem intendit 
rursusque 4 rogavit uter major esset. 5 IllI dixerunt, 
" Bos est major." Denique validius conatur se Inflare 
atque corpus rupit. 

LESSON XLIII. 

The Genitive with Adjectives and Verbs. 

§§ 204, 1, 2 ; 206, 1, 2, and a ; 207 ; 208, 1, 2. 

131. VOCABULARY. 

accuso, 1, I accuse. eruptio, onis, f., sally. 

admoneo, ere, ui, itus, / facinus, inoris, n., deed, 

remind, warn. crime. 

caedes, is, f., slaughter. furtum, I, n., theft. 

1 natos : her children. 2 num esset : whether she was. 

8 bove latior : broader than the ox. 

4 rursusque : and again. 5 esset : was. 



Review. 55 

nocturnus, a, um, at night. pristinus, a, um, pristine, 

obliviscor, 1, oblitus sum, former. 

I forget. -que, enclitic conj., and. 
plenus, a, um, full. 

132. 1. Nonne illius eruptionis nocturnae memi- 
nistis ? 2. Vita illius virl perlculorum plena fuit. 
3. Htijus facinoris non obllvlscemur. 4. Galli belli 
cupid! fuerunt. 5. Virtutis majorum suorum memi- 
nerant. 6. Beneficiorum tuorum non obliviscor. 
7. Eum amlcitiae nostrae admonui. 8. Nonne hoc 
meministl? 9. Quis nos furtl accusat? 10. Caesar 
Gallos defectionis prlstinae admonuit. 11. Obllvlscere 
belli caedisque ! 

133. 1. These barbarians were fond of war. 
2. The life of the soldier is full of dangers. 3. The 
father reminded his sons of these duties. 4. The 
troops were fond of clanger and often made sallies 
at night. 5. Remember your ancestors and their 
pristine customs. 6. Cicero accused this man of many 
crimes. 7. He long remembered the kindnesses of 
his friend. 8. Loyalty is common to all Eoman sol- 
diers. 9. Let us forget all controversies and dissen- 
sions. 

LESSOR XLIV. 

Review. 

134. 1. Galba in vico qui Octodurus appellatur 
hiemabat. 2. Helvetil hunc locum opportunissimum 
judicaverunt. 3. Sine magno perlculo copias Rhenum 



56 The Ablative. 

traduxit. 4. Sententiam rogatus est. 5. Caesar 
omnibus mulieribus pepercit. 6. El munition! quam 
fecerat Galbam praefecit. 7. Laudat eos qui huic 
negotio praefuerant. 8. Milites nostri maximum 
terrorem hostibus Inferunt. 9. Hostes nobis in con- 
spectum venerant. 10. Castris erat satis praesidi. 
11. Helvetii prlstinae virttitis suae non obliviscuntur. 

LESSON" XLV. 

The Ablative. — True Ablative Uses: Separation, 
Source, Agent, Comparison. 

§§214, 1, a-d; 215; 216; 217, 1,3. 

135. VOCABULARY. 

amplius, adv., more. Julius, I (ii), m., Julius, a 

centum, indecl., one hun- man's name. 

dred. nascor, I, natus sum, I am 

exeo, ire, ii, itum, I go forth, born. 

go out. repello, ere, reppuli, repul- 

expello, ere, pull, pulsus, / sus, I drive back, repel. 

drive out, banish. sescentl, ae, a, six hundred. 

genus, eris, n., race, fam- sexaginta, indecl., sixty. 

ily. solvo, ere, solvi, solutus, I 

incendo, ere, cendi, census, loose; of ships, unmoor; 

I set on fire. naves solvere, set sail. 

136. 1. Caesar minus quinque millia passuum pro- 
cessit. 2. Milites nostri Gallos a vallo castrorum 
reppulerunt. 3. Amplius centum oppida a Caesare 
capta sunt. 4. Quid est amicitia pulchrius ? 5. Nonne 
est virtus amicitia pulchrior ? 6. German! e v!c!s 



The Ablative. 57 

expulsT sunt. 7. Cives timore liberabimus. 8. Equites 
hostiuni vado fluminis prohibuimus. 9. Julius Caesar 
nobilissimo genere natus est. 10. Plus sexaginta 
aedificia incendebantur. 11. Quo patre natus es ? 

12. Plus centum millia hominum e finibus exierunt. 

13. Naves portu solvimus. 

137. 1. Darius, the king of the barbarians, ban- 
ished one hundred and sixty nobles from this city. 
2. These towns and villages were set on fire by the 
Helvetians. 3. Is not the Rhine deeper than the 
Rhone? 4. Ten Roman horsemen drove back more 
than a hundred Germans from the camp. 5. Cicero 
was banished from the city by the Roman people. 
6. When shall I be freed from the fears and griefs of 
this life ? 7. We remained there less than three days. 
8. This place was less than six hundred paces distant 
from us. 9. He was born of a most noble father. 

LESSON XLVI. 

The Ablative. — Instrumental Uses : Means, 
Cause, Manner, Attendant Circumstance. 

§§218, 1, 2, 8; 219, 1; 220, 1; 221. 

138, VOCABULARY. 

adduco, ere, duxi, ductus, conficiS, ere, feci, fectus, 

I lead on, impel. I use up, exhaust. < 

commutatio, onis, i., change. detrimentum, I, n., loss, 

concursus, us, m., a con- damage, harm. 

course, crowd. dignitas, tatis, f., dignity. 



58 The Ablative. 

excedo, ere, cessi, cessu- loquor, loqul, locutus sum, 

rus, / withdraw, depart, I speak. 

exitus, us, m^exit, passage. opus,, indecl. , n., need; opus 

inopia, ae, f., need, lack. est, it is necessary, there is 

Insto, are, iti, I press on. need. 

lacesso, ere, cessivi (ii), tempestas, tatis, f. ; tempest. 

Itus, I harass. utor, I, usus sum, / use. 

139. 1. Hostes magno detrimento repulsi sunt. 

2. Hie legatus summa dignitate locutus est. 3. Naves 
hac tempestate ad terrain redire coactae sunt. 4. Ad- 
ventu Cae saris magna commutatio rerum facta est. 
5. Milites longo itinere confecti erant. 6. Auxilio ami- 
corum nostrorum utemur. 7. Nobis equitibus pediti- 
busque opus erit. 8. Legati timore periculi e castris 
.excesserunt. 9. German! inopia omnium rerum ad- 
duct! ntintios de deditione ad Caesarem miserurit. 

10. Hostes equites nostros proelio lacesslverunt. 

11. Magno concursti mstabant. 12. Exitum portis 
invenerunt. 

140. 1. He made these changes with the greatest 
danger. 2. He began his speech with great dignity. 

3. The money will not be necessary. 4. He withdrew 
from the line of battle because of terror. 5. He has 
used little diligence. 6. The plain was filled with 
a great multitude of men. 7. This young man 
was exhausted by his great labors. 8. The army 
pressed on with the greatest speed. 9. These 
trenches were filled with large stones by the soldiers. 
10. The Helvetii were not content with their narrow 
boundaries. 



The Ablative. 59 

141. The Sibylline Books. 

Anus quaedam incognita ad Tarquinium regem 
quondam adiit, novem libros ferens, quos l esse dlcebat 
oracula dlvina. Tarquinius pretium percontatus est; 
anus multum poposcit. Rex derisit. 

Turn ilia tres libros ex novem combtirit ; et rediens 2 
idem pretium postulat. Tarquinius multo magis rlsit. 

Anus iterum tres alios libros combtirit atque denuo 
rogarvit ut 3 rex tres reliquos eodem pretio emeret. 
Tanta 4 constantia victus rex libros mercatus est. 

LESSOR XLVII. 

The Ablative. — Instrumental Uses : Accompani- 
ment, Degree of Difference, Quality, Price, 
Specification. 

§§ 222 ; 223 ; 224 ; 225 ; 226. 

142. VOCABULARY. 

ante, adv., before. magistratus, us, m., magis- 

Cato, onis, m., Cato. trate. 

dignus, a, um, worthy. manus, us, f., hand; in mili- 

domus, us (§ 49, 4), f., house, tary sense, band, force, 

home. paulo, abl., by a little. 



1 quos esse dlcebat : which she said were, lit. ivhich she said 
to be. 

2 rediens : present participle of reded ; § 132. 
3 ut rex emeret : that the king should buy. 

4 tanta constantia victus : conquered by so great per- 
sistency. 



60 The Ablative. 

post, afterwards. supero, 1, I surpass ; am su- 

primum, first, for the first perior to ; governs the ace. 

time. talentum, I, n., a talent 

redigo, ere, egi, actus, / re- (about $1200). [sell. 

dace. vendo, ere, didi, ditus, I 

Roma, ae, f., Borne. viginti, indecl., twenty. 

143. 1. Hostes numero superabant. 2. Caesar cum 
quattuor legionibus profectus est. 3. Caesar paucis 
annis ante primum in Galliam venerat. 4. Turris 
decern pedibus quam mtinltio altior fuit. 5. Haec 
domus viginti talentis vendita est. 6. Cum fratre 
meo domum redii. 7. Proelium equestre paucis ante 
diebus factum erat. 8. Konne hi magistratus summa 
tide digni sunt ? 9. Tribus annis post Eomam venit. 
10. Paulo post has Insulas sub potestatem nostram 
redegimus. 11. G-alli cum magna manti hoc oppidum 
oppugnare incipiunt. 

144. 1. Your brother arrived a little before; you 
yourself a little afterwards. 2. This horse surpasses 
all others in speed. 3. The magistrate sold his house 
for ten talents and departed from the city. 4. He is 
a boy of great diligence. 5. The tree is three feet 
higher than the building. 6. The Romans are few in 
number. 7. Cato was a man of matchless dignity and 
influence. 8. Caesar led his cavalry with two legions 
of infantry across the river. 9. This state was of 
great influence among the Gauls. 10. That plan was 
much better. 



The Ablative. 61 

LESSON XLVIII. 

The Ablative. — The Ablative Absolute. — Loca- 
tive Uses : Time and Place. — The Locative. 

§§ 227, 1, 2 ; 228 and 1, a ; 229, 1 and 1, a ; 230 ; 231 ; 232, 1. 

145. VOCABULARY. 

ago, ere, egi, actus, I pass, fortuna, ae, f., fortune; pi., 

spend. [lose. fortunae, arum, f., fortune 

amitto, ere, misi, missus, I (possessions). 

cedo, ere, cessi, cessiirus, / insidiae, arum, f. pi., am- 

yield, withdraw. bush. 

Crassus, I, m., Crassus, a Italia, ae, f., Italy. 

man's name. nox, noctis, f., night. 

deduco, ere, duxi, ductus, Pompejus, Pompei, m., 

I lead away. Pompey, a man's name. 

desero, ere, serui, sertus, I proximus, a, um, next 

abandon, desert. (§ 73, 1). 

146. 1. Pompejo, Crasso consulibus, German! Rhe- 
num flumen transierunt. 2. His nationibus superatis^ 
Caesar in hiberna rediit. 3. Sex annis f ortiinas omnes 
amisit. 4. Ea nocte legiones e castris deduxit. 5. Prox- 
imo anno tu eris consul. 6. Unum diem Genevae 
mansisti. 7. His locis erant maximae silvae. 8. Eo 
tempore de salute nostra desperavit. 9. Roma in 
Galliam contendit. 10. Ab Italia Athenas Kalendis 
veniam. 11. Illo die me deseruisti. 12. Hostes, 
Insidiis in silvis collocatis, adventum Romanorum 
exspectabant. 

147. 1. He had spent five years at Rome. 2. On 
that night we discovered an ambush of the Gauls. 



62 The Ablative. 

3. We returned from Borne to Athens. 4. In the 
consulship of Marcus Cicero, Pompey returned to 
Borne. 5. He set out immediately from Athens. 
6. Within five years Caesar conquered ten large 
tribes and reduced all Gaul to a province. 7. On 
the next day Cato was chosen consul. 8. When 
Fortune is adverse there is no great hope of vic- 
tory. 9. Having lost this large fleet, Caesar returned 
from Britain to the coast of Gaul. 

148. The Trojan Horse. 

Daces Graecorum fatis repulsi equum aedificant 
instar l montis. In hoc viros armatos condunt. Ipsi 
a Troja abeunt. 

TrojanI locos vident desertos. Itaque portas pan- 
dun t, exeunt, equum mirantur, quern denique intra 
muros ducunt. 

Nox erat et omnes TrojanI somnum placidum carpe- 
bant, cum Graeci in equo incltisi claustra laxabant 
atque ipsi exibant. Invadunt urbem somno sepultam 
et Trojanos occidunt. Sic Troja deleta est. 

1 instar montis : as large as a mountain ; rhetorical ex- 
aggeration. 



SYNTAX OF ADJECTIVES AND 
PRONOUNS. 



LESSON XLIX. 

Adjectives. 

§§ 236, 1 ; 237 ; 239 ; 240, 1, 2 ; 241, 1, 2. 

149, VOCABULARY. 

accedo, ere, cessi, cessu- plerique, aeque, aque, most, 

rus, I approach, come. very many. 

conicio, ere, jeci, jectus, / polliceor, eri, itus sum, I 

hurl, cast. promise. 

cursus, us, m., course, speed. praecipio, ere, cepi, ceptus, 

hortor, ari, atus sum, / en- I enjoin upon. 

courage. proicio, ere, jeci, jectus, I 

invitus, a, um, unwilling. throw forward, cast. 

magnitudo, inis, f., size. respondeo, ere, respond!, 

perficio, ere, feci, fectus, I responsus, I answer, reply. 

accomplish. tueor, eri, I guard, protect. 

150. 1. Plerosque legatos ab hoc colloquio invltos 
abeuntes vidimus. 2. Crassus primus accessit. 3. Haec 
laetus credidl. 4. Ab Imo colle magno cursu ad flumen 
contenderunt. 5. E mediis castrls tela conjecerunt. 
6. Tibi multa respond!. 7. Pauca meministl. 8. Ple- 
raque de magnitudine harum silvarum audivimus. 
9. Omnia, quae mini praecepistl, perfeci. 10. Hi se 
ad pedes imperatoris projecerunt. 11. Caesar suos 
hortabatur. 12. Invitus ilia scrips!. 13. Omnes bonl 
civitatem tuentur. 14. Omnia polliceris; nihil perficis. 

03 



64 Pronouns. 

151. 1. The good are always beautiful. 2. Pompey 
drew up his troops on the top of the mountain. 3. Cae- 
sar was always the- first to enter the battle and the last 
to withdraw. 4. We were informed of these things at 
the end of summer. 5. The horse was very swift. 
6. Such delays are becoming much too frequent. 7. He 
most unwillingly promised us 1 this. 8. He joyfully 
approached. 9. In the last portion of the winter 
Caesar returned to Rome. 10. He encouraged his 
(soldiers) and ordered them to guard this camp. 

LESSON L. 

Pronouns. 

§§ 242, 1, 2 ; 243, 1 ; 245 ; 246, 1, 4 ; 249, 1 ; 253, 1, 2. 

152. VOCABULARY. 

commoveo, ere, movi, mo- opprim5, ere, pressi, pres- 

tus, I move, touch. sus, I overwhelm. 

confugio, ere, fugi, fugitu- perfugio, ere, fugi, fugiturus, 

rus, I flee for refuge. I flee. 

differ o, ferre, distuli, dlla- scio, ire, sdvl, scltus, I 

tus, I differ. know. 

effugi5, ere, fugi, fugiturus, sube5, ire, ii, itiirus, / ap- 

I escape. [serve. proach. 

mereor, erl, itus sum, / de- vis, vis, f. (ace. vim, § 41), 

misericordia, ae, f . , pity. violence. 

153. 1. Alius perfugit, alius captus est. 2. Tua 
mei memoria commotus sum. 3. Tua nostri miseri- 
cordia patrem meum commovit. 4. Alii gladils, alii 

1 This means 'to us,' and must be rendered in Latin ac- 
cordingly. 



Review. 65 

tells ptignabant. 5. Maxima pars eorura confugit. 

6. Alter interfectus est, alter effugit. 7. Alii aliud 
merentur. 8. Multi vestrum haec eadem seiunt. 
9. ISTos vl ipsa oppressit. 10. Galli institutis et legi- 
bus inter se differebant. 11. Vallum ipsum subeamus. 

154. 1. Orgetorix ordered the Helvetians and 
Sequani to give hostages to each other. 2. On that 
very night this noble prisoner escaped. 3. One fears 
the enemy, another the violence of his friends. 4. I 
blame Cicero, and Cicero blames me. 5. Each of 
us deserves the praise of the king. 6. We have 
long contended with each other (between ourselves). 

7. Caesar was killed by his own friends. 8. One 
praises one thing, another another. 9. Our (men) 
were frightened by the great multitude of these ships. 

LESSON LI. 
Eeview. 

155. 1. In eo proelio minus ducenti milites inter- 
fecti sunt. 2. Hae nationes propter dissensiones pos- 
sessionibus suis expulsae sunt. 3. Opus est celeritate. 
4. Equites portis eruptionem f aciunt. 5. Hostes equites 
nostros proelio lacessere coeperunt. 6. Paucls ante 
diebus prof ecti sumus. 7. Haec civitas erat magna auc- 
toritate. 8. Helvetii id quod constituerant f acere conan- 
tur. 9. Ille dignus est fide. 10. Athenis morabamur. 
11. In Italiam venimus. 12. Galli media nocte ex 
castris egress! sunt. 13. Ipsa loci natura periculum 
repellebat. 14. Alii tela coniciunt, alii vallum subeunt. 



SYNTAX OF THE MOODS. 



LESSON LIL 

The Subjunctive in Independent Sentences: 
Jussive, Hortatory, Deliberative, Prohibi- 
tive. 

§§ 272 ; 273 ; 274 ; 275, 1 ; 276 -and c ; 277 and a. 

156. VOCABULARY. 

addo, ere, idi, itus, I add. dimitto, ere, misi, missus, 
alienus, a, urn, unfavor- I let go, dismiss, disband. 

able. expeditus, a, um, unencum- 
committo, ere, misi, mis- bered, light-armed. 

sus, I bring together; with hie, here. 

proelium or pugnam, to ne, not. 

join battle. oro, 1, / beseech. [retain. 

consido, ere, edi, essum, / retineo, ere, ui, tentus, 1 

settle. sumo, ere, sumpsi, sump- 
desisto, ere, stiti, I cease. tus, / take. 

157. 1. Omnia faciamus quae frater tuus oravit. 
2. Quid dicat? 3. Quid dicerent ? 4. German! agros 
Gallorum ne vexent ! 5. Hanc occasionem ne dlmit- 
tant. 6. Nolite proelium alieno loco committere ! 
7. Amicum meum non defenderem ? 8. Omnes proelio 
desistant ! 9. Noli hanc pectlniam sumere! 10. Mores 
atque disciplmam majorum retineamus! 11. Quare 

66 



Subjunctive in Independent Sentences. 67 

hie non consid&mus ? 12. His legionibus decern 
cohortes expeditae addantur. 

158. 1. Let us beseech the gods. 2. Let them join 
battle with the enemy. 3. Do not let the prisoners 
go. 4. Let us press on bravely. 5. Do not refuse 
the reward which I promised you. 6. Let him write 
this letter immediately. 7. Do not approve such 
words. 8. What am I to send ? 9. Let us not forget 
our friends. 10. What was this youth to do ? 11. Are 
we not to resist this man ? 12. Let him take the 
money and go. 

159. The Haunted House. Part I. 

Erat Athenis domus spatiosa, sed per silentium 
noctis sonus ferri et vinculorum ibi audiebatur; mox 
apparebat idolon, senex promissa barba. 1 Manibus 2 
catenas gerebat et quatiebat. 3 

Hinc domus deserta et ill! Idolo relicta est. 

Venit Athenas philosophus, Athenodorus, legit titu- 
lum, omnia 4 docetur, ac nihilominus domum conducit. 

Ubi coepit 5 advesperascere, poscit stilum et lumen ; 
servos suos in interiora 6 dimittit; ipse ad 7 librum 
animum et oculos intendit. 

1 promissa barba: loith a long beard; § 224. 

2 Manibus: on Us hands. 3 quatiebat: shook them. 

4 omnia: § 178, 1, b and 2. 5 ubi coepit: when it began. 

6 in interiora: into the inner part (of the house). 

7 ad : upon. 



68 The Optative and Potential Subjunctives. 

LESSON LIII. 

The Optative and Potential Subjunctives. — The 
Imperative. 

§§ 279, 1, 2 ; 280 and 2 ; 281, and 1, 2. 

160. VOCABULARY. 

animus, I, m., courage, heart. jus, juris, n., right, authority. 

averto, ere, ti, versus, / patior, pati, passus sum, I 

avert, turn aside. suffer ; endure. [land. 

intellego, ere, lexi, lectus, patria, ae, f., country, father- 

I knoiv, understand. vulnus, eris, n., wound. 

161. 1. Defendite, elves, salutem comniunem ! 
2. Patria nostra injuriam ne patiatur ! 3. Consules 
summum jus habento. 4. Utinam tani longum tempus 
in his laboribus ne constlmpsissemus ! 5. Imperatori 
vestro, milites, operam date ! 6. Utinam hi milites 
animo meliore essent. 7. Ista vix patiar. 8. Haec 
pericnla a nobis avertantur. 9. Nemo hoc consilium 
facile intellegat. 

162. 1. May the gods avert this danger. 2. Would 
that Caesar were present. 3. I should wish to under- 
stand this affair better. 4. No one would praise 
such men. 5. He would endure wounds without 
fear. 6. Would that Cicero had not been killed. 
7. Remember your fatherland! 8. that the battle 
may not be unfavorable to the Eomans. 9. We should 
not believe this report. 10. Leave the city and re- 
turn home. 11. Would that the pass were not so 
narrow. 12. May you always be happy and contented. 



Moods in Dependent Glauses. 69 

LESSOR LIV. 

Moods in Dependent Clauses. — The Subjunctive 
of Purpose. — Sequence of Tenses. 

§§ 282, 1, and a, 2; 258 ; 266, B ; 267, 1, 2, 3. 

163. VOCABULARY. 

Aquitania, ae, f., Aquitania, pono, ere, posul, positus, I 

a district of Gaul. put, place, establish ; castra 

communio, ire, ivi (ii) , ltus, ponere, pitch a camp. 

I strongly fortify. quo, conj., in order that. 

conjungo, ere, junxi, junc- remaneo, ere, mansi, man- 

tus, / unite. surus, I remain. 

fruor, frui, I enjoy (§ 218, 1). tantus, a, um, so great. 

liber, libera, liberum, free. ut, that, in order that. 
ne, lest; that . . . not; in 

order that . . . not. 

164. 1. Caesar proelium commlsit, ne exercittis 
majores convenirent. 2. Haec fecimus ut liberi esse- 
mus. 3. Castra in locis superioribus posuit, ne quis ea 
facile opptignaret. 4. PaucI remanserunt, ut suspicio- 
nem timoris vitarent. 5. Caesar homines delegit qui 
castra communirent. 6. Haec facimus ut libertate 
fruarnur. 7. Galbam captivis praefecit, ne quis 1 
effugeret. 8. Quo iter expedltius faceret, impedimenta 
reliquit. 9. Crassus in Aquitaniam proficiscitur 
ne tantae gentes conjungantur. 10. Castra fossa 
munivimus quo facilius defendere possemus. 

1 In Latir , ' in order that no one ' is rendered by ne quis 
(not by ut nemo), and ' in order that no ' is rendered by ne 
ullus (not by ut nullus) . 



70 Moods in Dependent Glauses. 

165. 1. Caesar left one legion behind in order that it 
might guard the camp. 2. We drive out the barbarians 
in order that you may enjoy peace and good fortune. 
3. He fortified the town in order that the citizens 
might more easily resist the enemy. 4. Unite your 
forces lest the Germans overwhelm you. 5. The light- 
armed cavalry preceded the army in order that they 
might more quickly unite themselves with the allies. 

6. They will flee in order that they may not be, killed. 

7. They had fortified a town to which they might flee 
for refuge. ' * 

166. The Haunted House. Part II. 

Prindj^antum 1 silentium noctis ; cleinde Atheno- 
dorus sonum ferri et vinculorum audit. J^espicit 
at(j(k> videt imaginem de qua audiera't. Haec stabat 
et digito innuebat. 

Sine mora Athenodorus lumen tollit et sequitur. 

Imago lento gra^fli ibat, quasi vinculis gravis. Post- 
quam in aream deflexit, repente delapsa Athenodorum 
deserit. Postero die magistrates adit; eos monet ut 2 
jubeant ilium locum effodi. Inveniuntur ossa hominis 
catenis innexa. 



1 tantum : lit. only ; i.e. there was only. 
2 ut jubeant : that they bid. 



Clauses of Characteristic. 71 

LESSON LV. 

Clauses of Characteristic — Result Clauses. — 
Causal Clauses. 

§§ 283, 1, 2 ; 284, 1 ; 285 ; 286, 1, 2. 

167. VOCABULARY. 

alius, a, ud, else. paucitas, atis, f., fewness, 

appropinquo, 1, I approach. small number. 

consisto, ere, stiti, consist. puto, 1, I think. 

cum, conj., since. quod, because, on the ground 

despicio, ere, spexi, spec- that. 

tus, / despise. quoniam, conj., inasmuch as. 
ita, so. 

168. 1. Te accusavit quod hostibus non resisteres. 
2. Quis est qui haec putet ? 3. Hostes acriter pugna- 
verunt, cum in una virtute omnis spes saltitis con- 
sisteret. 4. Quod nemo alius aderat, nos acctisare 
ausus est. 5. Quoniam German! appropin quant, 
castra movebimus. 6. Quae cum ita sint, in hoc loco 
manebimus. 7. Hoc acciderat quod Galli legionem 
nostram propter paucitatem despiciebant. 8. Hie 
locus talis erat ut nostrl defenclere facile possent. 

9. Caesar Gallos accusat quod ab els non sublevetur. 

10. Hostes ita perterriti sunt ut in silvas perfugerent. 

169. 1. No one who neglects his duty will be a great 
man. 2. Since these things were so, we remained 
there. 3. What man is so base as not to love his 
country ? 4. The soldiers approached so swiftly that 
we could not escape. 5. Caesar had blockaded the 



72 Clauses with Postquam, Ut, Ubi, Cum. 

narrow passes of the mountains so that the Helvetians 
could not go out from their own territory. 6. We 
fear the Germans because they are many in number 
and very brave. 7. Inasmuch as Pompey had re- 
mained with them, they feared nothing. 8. There 
is (only) one man whom I despise. 9. There are 
many who know these things. 

LESSON LVI. 

Temporal Clauses : Clauses Introduced by post- 
quam, ut, ubi, simul ac, etc. — Clauses Intro- 
duced by cum. 

§§ 287 ; 288, 1, A, B ; 289. 

170. VOCABULARY. 

animadverts, ere, verti, ver- postquam, conj. , after. 

sus, I notice. recipio, ere, cepi, ceptus, 

cognosco, ere, novi, nitus, / take back, receive; with 

I learn. reflexive se, to retreat. 

cum, conj., when. simul ac (atque), as soon 

eici5, ere, jeci, jectus, I as. 

thrust out ; se eicere, rush subduco, ere, duxi, ductus, 

forth. I withdraw, lead away. 

peto, ere, Ivi (ii), ltus, / ubi, rel. adv., when. 

seek, request. ut, rel. adv., when. 

171. 1. Galli cum nostros vi dissent, in silvas fuge- 
runt. 2. Ut equitatus noster se in agros ejecit, hostes 
ex silvis exibant. 3. Eo die cum tu in senatti locutus 
es plurimi aderant. 4. Cum venies, cognosces. 5. Si- 
mul ac te vidi ? auxilium tuum oravl. 6. Caesar post- 



Clauses ivith Postquam, Ut, Ubi, Cum. 73 

quam id animadvertit, copias suas in collem proximum 
subduxit. 7. Cum haec audlvisset, abiit. 8. Caesar 
ubi id comperit, se in Galliam celeriter recepit. 
9. Cum ad id oppidum accessisset, puerl mulieresque 
pacem petlverunt. 

172. 1. As soon as he noticed the man, he went 
away. 2. After we had been thrust out of Rome, I 
went to Athens. 3. When he returns, I will tell him 
the suspicions which I have. 4. As soon as the 
Romans advanced, the Gauls retreated. 5. When 
the right wing surrendered, the rest of the army 
fled. 6. When he heard these words, he was greatly 
terrified. 7. After the cavalry had been overwhelmed, 
Ariovistus withdrew his forces across the Rhine. 8. In 
that year when Cicero was consul these plots were 
discovered. 

173. The Sword of Damocles. 

Damocles, quidam ex assentatoribus Dionysii, ty- 
rannT Syracusani, opes ejus et magnificentiam com- 
memorabat. " Vlsne igitur " inquit " f ortunam meam 
experirl?" Turn tyrannus jussit Damoclem in lecto 
aureo collocarl. Aderant unguenta et coronae ; mensae 
epulis exquisltis atque vino mstruebantur. Damocles 
sibi fortunatus videbatur. Sed in medio apparatu 
gladium super caput suum seta equina pendentem 
videbat. Itaque ne 1 manum quidem in 2 mensam 

1 ne . . . quidem : not even. 

2 in mensam : toward the table. 



74 Clauses with Antequam and Priusquam. 

porrigere audebat, atque tyrannurii oravit ut sibi 
liceret ablre. 

LESSON LVIL 

Temporal Clauses : Clauses Introduced by Ante- 
quam and Priusquam; Clauses Introduced by 
Dum, Donee, AND Quoad. 

§§ 291, 1, 2 ; 292 ; 293, I, II, III, 1, 2. 

174. VOCABULARY. 

ago, ere, egl, actus, I do. fuga, ae, L, flight. 

antequam, conj., before. Massilia, ae, 1, Marseilles. 

Britannia, ae, f., Britain. perfero, ferre, tuli, latus, 2" 

delibero, I, I deliberate, con- convey. 

suit. priusquam, coni., before. 

Domitius, l(ii),m., Domitius, sentio, ire, sensi, sensus, I 

a man's name. feel, perceive. 
dum, while ; until. 

175. 1. Sex dies exspectavimus dum tu advenires. 
2. Non prius fuga destiterunt quam ad Rhenum per- 
venerunt. 3. Hunc collem occupat priusquam ab 
adversariis sentiatur. 4. Caesar priusquam in Britan- 
niam proficisceretur, naves omnibus rebus Instruxit. 
5. Dum haec inter eos aguntur, Domitius Massiliam 
pervenit. 6. Caesar exspectavit dum haec mandata 
ad hostes perferrentur. 7. IsTon protect! sumus prius- 
quam te de consiliis nostris certiorem fecimus. 
8. Dum copiae conveniunt, cum tribunis deliberavit. 

1 ut sibi liceret : lit. that it be permitted to himself i.e. that 
he be permitted. 



Review. 75 

176. 1. The commander waited until the whole 
army should cross the river. 2. While the Romans 
were advancing Ariovistus was conferring with the 
other chiefs. 3. Caesar will wait until the rest of 
the legions arrive. 4. While Domitius was absent 
from Rome his slaves fled. 5. Before the captives 
could beseech the barbarians (for) this they were 
killed. 6. He spoke before he saw us. 7. I shall 
remain at Marseilles until you come. 8. Before I go 
I shall remind the senate of these dangers. 9. You 
departed before I accomplished these things. 



LESSON LVIII. 

Review. 

177. 1. Nolite haec facere! 2. Quare hie diu- 
tius maneamus ? 3. Fllii mandata patris sul perfi- 
ciant ! 4. Timor mentes vestras ne occupet ! 5. Quid 
aliud f aceremus ? 6. Utinam tevidissem ! 7. Uti- 
nam hostes ne adessent! 8. Nemo *haec credat. 
9. Proficiscere ex hac urbe ! 10. Multos labores 
passus sum ut te defenderem. 11. Hie remansi, quo 
auxilio ejus diutius uterer. 12. Castella ibi collocavit 
ne Galli suos circumvenire possent. 13. Quis est 
qui h$ec dicere audeat ? 14. Amici mei tanta sunt 
diligentia ut nihil neglegant. 15. Hostes simul atque 
signa nostra viderunt ; nuntios miserunt ; qui pacem 
peterent. 



76 Substantive Clauses. 



LESSON LIX. 

Substantive Clauses : Clauses Developed from 
the Jussive; Clauses after Verbs of Hin- 
dering. 

§§295,1,2,4; 295,3. 

178. VOCABULARY. 

decerno, cernere, crevi, prohibeo, ere, ui, itus, Ihin- 

cretus, I decree. der, prevent. 

itaque, accordingly, and so. quominus, from (after verbs 

ne, from (after verbs of hin- of hindering). 

dering), reddo, ere, reddidi, reddi- 

omnino, altogether ; with tus, I give back, return. 

negatives, at all. reicio, ere, rejeci, jectus, / 

permitto, ere, misi, missus, hurl back. [restor-e. 

I permit, grant (§ 187, II). restituo, ere, ui, iitus, / 

179. 1. Militibus imperavi ut hoc oppidum oppug- 
narent. 2. Me prohibuit quominus haec restituerem. 
3. Els imperat ne hoc flumen transeant. 4. Eos pro- 
hibul ne excederent. 5. Decrevimus ut hae legiones 
Ehenum transportarentur. 6. Ariovistus equitibus 
suls p'ermlsit ut agros Gallorum vexarent. 7. Itaque 
Caesar suls praecepit ne quod omnino telum in hostes 
reicerent. 8. Senatus decrevit ut Caesar legiones suas 
dimitteret. 9. Hostes prohibuimus quominus Ehoda- 
num transirent. 

180. 1. He demands that the hostages be returned. 
2. I asked him to return the money to me. 3. Cicero 
warned the senate not to neglect these dangers. 4. I 



Substantive Clauses. 77 

permitted (to) him to retain his sword. 5. The senate 
decreed that Cicero should defend the state. 6. Caesar 
determined that his troops should join battle im- 
mediately. 7. Death prevented him from becoming 
consul. 8. The light-armed horsemen hindered the 
Helvetians from bringing together sufficient grain and 
forage. 9. He persuaded me to remain at Marseilles. 

LESSON LX. 

Substantive Clauses Developed from the Opta- 
tive. — Substantive Clauses of Eesult. — 
Indirect Questions. 

§§296, 1, 2; 297, 1, 2; 300, 1, a, b. 

181. VOCABULARY. 

a, ab, prep. w. abl., from, of prime, first, firstly. 

efficio, ere, feci, fectus, I quaero, ere, quaesivl, quae- 

clo, bring about. situs, I inquire. 

legatio, orris, f., embassy. quantus, a, um, how great ? 

luna, ae, f., moon. resciiido, ere, rescidi, re- 
-ne, enclitic interrog. parti- scissus, I tear down. 

cle ; in indirect questions, sic, so. 

whether. tergum, I, n., back. 

num, in indirect questions, ut, w. verbs of fearing, that not. 

whether. verto, ere, vertl, versus, 1 
opto, 1, I desire. turn; terga vertere, flee. 

182. 1. Eos rogavi num German! Rhenum jam 
transiissent. 2. Timeo ne nostri perfugiant. 3. Primp 
a te quaero hujusne legationis prmceps sis. 4. Caesar 
magnopere timebat ne sui perfugerent. 5. Eadem nocte 



78 Substantive Clauses. 

accidit nt luna plena esset. 6. Timemus lit legiones 
impetum barbarorum sustineant. 7. Ab his perfugls 
quaeslvl quae et quantae civitates in armls essent. 

8. Optamus ut llberl sitis. 9. Sic effecit ut hunc 
regem in potestate sua haberet. 10. Praeterea vere- 
batur ne hostes pontem rescinderent. 11. Ita factum 
est ut hostes statim terga verterent. 

183. 1. I desire that he may not find me here. 
2. It happened that he had remained in the city on 
that day. 3. We brought it about that this danger 
was averted from the citizens. 4. He fears that we 
will not go with him. 1 5. He desires that we seek 
another home with our wives and children. 6. I asked 
him what he was doing with the money. 7. First he 
asked whether he ought to praise these boys. 8. It 
cannot 2 be determined in which year Caesar was born. 

9. It happened that ships and men were lacking. 

184. The Boy and the Dolphin. Part I. 

Est in Africa colonia, marl proxima; adjacet stag- 
num ; in quo pueri natant. Hie puer est victor qui 
aequales longissime 3 relinquit. 

In hoc certamine puer quidam ceteris 4 audacior in 
ulteriora 5 tendebat. Delphlnus occurrit et nunc prae- 

1 ' With him ' : secum ; § 244, II ; 142, 4. 

2 ' It cannot ' : -non potest. 3 longissime : farthest behind. 

4 ceteris audacior : bolder than the rest ; § 217. 

5 in ulteriora : to a greater distance. 



Conditional Sentences. 79 

cedit puerum, nunc sequitur, nunc circumit ; postremo 
subit profertque in altum; mox reddit terrae et 
aequalibus. 

LESSON LXI. 

Conditional Sentences. — Clauses with Quamvis 
AND Quamquam. 

§§ 301 ; 302, 1; 303 ; 304, 1 ; 309 ; 309, 1, 2, 3. 

185. VOCABULARY. 

Atticus, T, m., Aniens-. pateo, ere, ui, lie open. 

cum, conj., though. quamquam, although. 

immortalis, e, immortal. quamvis, though, although. 

incertus, a, um, uncertain. si, if. 

mors, tis, f., death. valeq, ere, ui, valitiirus, / 
nisi, unless. avail, prevail. 

186. 1. Quamvis nemo veniat, manebo. 2. Si 
milites bono animo sunt, est spes victoriae. 3. Atticus 
honores non petiit, cum ei paterent. 4. Si Eomam 
venies, me videbis. 5. Quamvis victoria incerta sit, 
ducem ne deseramus. 6. Si Komam veniatis, nos 
videatis. 7. Si mihi hoc dixisses, non profectus essem. 
8. Roman!, quamquam vulneribus confecti erant, im- 
petum hostium sustinebant. 9. Mors non est timenda, 
si animus immortalis est. 10. Nisi auctoritas mea 
valuisset, nunc liberl non essemus. 

187. 1. If you withdraw 1 from the fort, you will be 
killed by the enemy. 2. Would you wish to remain 
here if you could ? 3. Unless you reply, 1 I shall 

i§261,2. 



80 Indirect Discourse. 

not write to you. 4. If he had arrived one day before, 
he would have seen the king. 5. Though he may be 
very courageous, he will not always conquer. 6. Caesar 
did not permit us to return home, although we de- 
sired to do so. 7. If my father were here, I should be 
quite happy. 8. If the embassy comes to l him before 
the Kalends of April, the battle will not occur. 

188. The Boy and the Dolphin. Part II. 

Serpit per coloniam fama ; concurrunt omnes ; 
puerum interrogant, audiunt, 2 narrant. 3 Postero die 
litus obsident, prospectant mare. Natant puerl, inter 
hos ille, 4 sed cautius. 

Delphmus rursus ad puerum venit. Fugit ille cum 
ceteris. Delphmus puerum invitat et revocat. Puer 
iterum tergo insilit ; fertur atque refertur. Neuter 
timet, neuter timetur. 

LESSON LXIL 

Indirect Discourse. 

§§314, 1; 270, 1, a-c; 318. 

189, VOCABULARY. 

amicus, a, urn, friendly. existimo, 1, 1 think r consider. 

arbitror, trari, tratus sum, incolo, ere, colui, cultus, / 

I consider. inhabit. 

cogo, ere, coegi, coactus, infirmus, a, um, weak. 

I collect. teneo, ere, ui, I hold. 

1 § 261, 2. 2 audiunt : hear (his story). 

3 narrant : tell (the story to others). 4 ille : i.e. the boy. 



Indirect Discourse, 81 

190. 1. Nemo putat hoc oppiduni expugnarl posse. 
2. Nuntiatur Gallos eum collem, quern occupaverint, 
communlvisse. 3. Nuntiatum est Gallos eum collem 
communlvisse quem occupavissent. 4. Caesar intel- 
lexit Ariovistum se castris tenere. 5. Nuntius dixit 
montem, quem Caesar occupari voluisset, ab hostibus 
teneri. 6. Exlstimo has legiones, quae modo adve- 
nerint^ Infirmas esse. 7. Caesar arbitrabatur has civi- 
tates sibi arnicas esse. 8. Num. putavistis eos, qui 
hos agros incolerent, discesstiros esse ? 

191. 1. I consider that those who inhabit Italy are 
fortunate. 2. Do you think that Caesar was a good 
man ? 3. I said that the Helvetians who left their 
homes were conquered by Caesar. 4. I think that 
Athens will never be a larger city than Rome. 5. He 
says that Lentulus and his friends had resolved to 
set Eome on fire. 6. They thought that the Ger- 
mans had departed by another road. 7. I have said 
that the fortune of war is always uncertain. 8. He 
thought that when he arrived at Athens, which is 1 a 
large and beautiful city, he would be happy and con- 
tented. 

1 § 314, 3. 



82 The Infinitive, 

LESSON LXIII. 

The Infinitive. 

§§ 326; 327, 1 ; 328, 1, 2; 329; 330; 331, I, II; 335. 

192. VOCABULARY. 

constat, impers., it is evi- necesse est, impers., it is 

dent. necessary. 

Justus, a, um, just. reverter, i(§ 114, 3), I return. 

193. 1. Necesse erat multa eodem tempore facere. 

2. Hae legiones ex hlbernis egredl non ansae sunt. 

3. In proelio necesse est fortem esse. 4. Hostes ex 
omnibus partibus lapides in vallum conicere. 5. Volu- 
mus justi esse. 6. Conamini boni esse. 7. Oportet 
nos statim proficisci. 8. Jussit naves comparari. 
9. Milites jussit ordines servare. 10. Constat mag- 
num numerum barbarorum ad castra venisse. 11. Ne- 
cesse est nos haec castra communire. 12. Nonne licet 
in urbem revert! ? 

194. 1. It is the duty of Eoman soldiers to fight 
bravely for their leader and their country. 2. It is 
often necessary to ask kindnesses of our friends. 

3. The senate decided to send two legions to Pompey. 

4. It is evident that the Romans are braver than the 
Germans. 5. Many men think that Caesar will never 
return to Eome. 6. The commander ordered the 
cavalry to ravage the fields of the Sequani. 7. It 
behooves me to go immediately into Spain. 8. The 



The Infinitive. 83 

soldiers do not dare to attack Ariovistus because of 
the size of his forces. 

195. "If You Want a Thing Done,—." 

x^vicula est parva; nomen est cassita. Habitat in 
segetibus. Quaedam cassita, cum Tret cibum 1 pullis 
quaesitum, rnonebat eos ut 2 animadverterent, si 3 quid 
novl fieret. 

Dominus agri postea f ilium vocat. "Videsne?" 
inquit, "Hoc frumentum jam maturum est. Idcirco 
amicos roga ut 4 veniant atque nos adjuvent." Pulli 
hoc audiunt atque orant matrem ut se 5 in alium locum 
portet. Mater jubet eos a timore otiosos esse. " Si 
enim dominus/' inquit, "amicis fidit, eras seges non 
metetur." 

Die postero igitur mater in pabulum volat. Sol 
fervet, dies abit, nee 6 ulli amici ad dominum veniunt. 

Turn dominus rursus ad filium, "Amici isti/' inquit, 
"cessatores sunt. Prima luce affer falces et nos ipsi 
manibus nostrls eras metemus." 

Ubi mater ex pullis id audivit, "Tempus," inquit, 
"cedendi 7 et abeundi." 

Itaque cassita migravit et seges a domino ipso 
atque filio demessa est. 

1 cibum pullis quaesitum : to seek food for its young. 

2 ut animadverterent : to notice. 

3 si quid novi: if anything new, lit. of new; § 201, 2. 

4 ut veniant : to come. 5 se : them, the birds. 

6 nee ulli : and no, lit. nor any. 

7 cedendi : to be withdrawing, lit. of withdrawing. 



84 Participles. 

LESSON LXIV. 

Participles. 

§§ 336, 1, 2, 3, 4; 337, 2, 4. 

VOCABULARY. 

casus, us, m., chance, danger. pello, ere, pepuli, pulsus, I 

conspicio, ere, spexi, spec- drive back. - 

tus, / see. perdo, ere, didi, ditus, I 

experior, iri, pertus sum, / lose. 

% try, test. submitto, ere, misT, missus, 
fugo, 1, I put to flight. I send, despatch. 
laboro, 1, I toil ; in battle, Tarquinius, l (ii), m., Tar- 
be hard pressed. quin, a Roman king. 

197. 1. Hie miles in prima aeie pugnans interfectus 
est. 2. Multls vulneribus confecti, ducem non deserui- 
mus. 3. Nostri hostes ex castris egredientes adortl 
sunt. 4. Vocatus statim venit. 5. Equites pulsos 
fugavimus. 1 6. Virtutem vestram, mllites, multis 
proeliis expertus, vos nunc ad alios casus voco. 7. Tar- 
quinius Ardeam oppugnans regnum perdidit. 8. Hos 
captivos tuendos reliquit. 9. Eis, quos laborantes 
conspexit, subsidium submisit. 

198. 1. The Romans attacking sharply routed the 
enemy. 2. Tarquin, thrust out of the city by the 
people, returned with an army. 3. Departing from 
Italy, I set out for Marseilles. 4. Caesar, fearing an 

1 Lit. 'we routed . . . having been driven back'; i.e. we 
drove back and routed. 



The Grerund. — The Grerundive. 85 

ambush, withdrew. 5. Ariovistus advanced, ravaging 
the fields and setting the towns on fire. 6. He says 
that he will delay ten days, awaiting aid from his 
allies. 7. Cicero having spoken a few words had 
touched the hearts of the citizens. 



LESSON LXV. 

The Gerund. — The Gerundive. — The Supine. 

§§ 338, 1, a-c; 338, 3 ; 338, 4, a, b ; 340, 1, 2. 

199, VOCABULARY. 

alacer, cris, ere, eager. iter, itineris. n., way. 

antecedo, ere. cessi, cessu- praedo, orris, m., robber ; 

rus. I go ahead, precede. praedo maritimus. pirate. 

causa, abl., for the sake of; reddo. ere, reddidi, red- 

tbe dependent genitive pre- ditus. I render, make. 

cedes causa. Themistocles, is, m., The- 

consector. ari. atus sum. / mistocles, an Athenian 

follow up. fls\^AA~A~*~< statesman. 

exploro, 1. I examine. tutus, a, um, safe. 

200. 1. Haec dicendo milites ad pugnandum ala- 
criores effecit. 2. Tempus ad proelium committendum 
alienum fuit. 3. Hi legati cmn Caesare eolloeutum 
venerunt. 4. Nulla fuit occasio discedendl. 5. Dux 
ipse ad itinera exploranda antecessit. 6. Urbis ser- 
vandae causa magnam l peefmiam dedimus. 7. The- 
mistocles maritimos praedones consectando, mare 

1 The Latin has magna pecunia, where we say ' much 
money.' 



86 Review. 

tutuni 1 reddidit. 8. Ad hoc oppidum oppugnandum 
e silvis egreditur. 9. Caesar in his locis navium 
parandarum causa morabatur. 

201. 1. This boy is fond of hearing every thing 2 that 
is said. 2. The labor of following up the deserters 
was very great. 3. By fortifying the camp, Caesar 
kept off the Gauls. 4. By using great diligence we 
found out the names of the envoys. 5. Cicero wrote 
much concerning writing and speaking well. 6. It 
was the best thing to say. 7. It is a beautiful city 
to see. 8. The envoys were sent to Pompey to ask 
for peace. 

LESSON LXVI. 
Eeview. 

202. 1. Oramus ut finem dlcendi facias. 2. Veri- 
tus est ne omnia amitteret. 3. Tim emus ut nobis sit 
satis praesidi. 4. Tibi praecepi ne haec officia neg- 
legeres. 5. Nobis imperat ut tela paremus. 6. Acci- 
dit ut pauci incolumes redirent. 7. Optamus ne 
quis effugiat. 8. Te rogavi quern locum delegisses. 
9. Caesar Ariovistum rogavit quam ob rem Ehenum 
transiisset. 10. Si haec dixisses, laetus fuissem. 
11. Intellegimus omnes homines natura libertatem 
amare. 12. Caesar intellegebat quanto cum periculo 
id fecisset. 13. Belli Tnferendi causa a Gallia in 
Britanniam insulam transiit. 

1 § 177, 2. 2 Omnia ; § 236, 1. 



ENGLISH-LATIN EXERCISES 



ON 



LESSONS I-XXXV. 



LESSON I. 



203. 1. To the province ; of the provinces ; of a prov- 
ince. 2. Daughters ; to the daughter ; of the daughter. 

3. By victory ; of victory ; of victories. 4. To the is- 
lands ; of the island ; islands. 5. Of diligence ; with 
diligence ; to diligence. 6. Provinces ; of the prov- 
ince ; to the provinces. 7. By the troops ; to the 
troops; of the troops. 8. The troops seize the 
province. 9. He reports the victory. 10. We praise 
the islands. 11. Lucretia guards her daughters. 12. I 
procure troops with the money. 13. He guards the 
coast of Gaul. 

LESSON II. 

204. 1. To the children; of the children; by the 
children. 2. Of the messenger ; messengers; by mes- 
sengers. 3. To the field ; of the fields ; to the fields. 

4. Of the son ; to the sons. 5. Of the boy ; to the boy ; 
of the boys. 6. The messengers report the number of 
victories. 7. I am a captive. 8. The boys are sons 

87 



88 English- Latin Exercises, 

of the Gaul. 9. The messengers are Latins. 10. The 
troops procure money and swords. 11. The Romans 
guard the prisoners. 

LESSON III. 

205. 1. A great war; of great wars; to the great 
war. 2. The neighboring towns ; of a neighboring 
town; to the neighboring towns. 3. By many chil- 
dren ; to many children ; of many children. 4. Small 
numbers ; by small numbers ; of a small number. 

5. Of the beautiful daughter ; to beautiful daughters. 

6. Good boys ; to the good boy ; to the good boys. 

7. Many troops attack the town. 8. The number of 
prisoners is large. 9. The island is large and beauti- 
ful. 10. They get ready many beasts of burden and 
much forage. 11. The neighboring provinces contend 
in many battles. 12. The daughter of Lucretia is 
beautiful. 

LESSON IV. 

206. 1. Good fathers ; to good fathers ; of the good 
father. 2. To the great king ; of the great king ; of 
great kings. 3. To many consuls ; of many consuls ; 
many consuls. 4. To the praise of Caesar; by the 
praise of Caesar. 5. To the soldier ; to the safety of 
the soldiers. 6. The father of the king; to the father 
of the king. 7. Peace and safety are the rewards of 
victory. 8. I present money to the father of the sol- 
dier. 9. The great king sets the captives free. 
10. The little sons of the consul are hostages. 



English-Latin Exercises. 89 

11. The Germans praise the valor of the Roman 
soldiers and entreat peace. 12. The valor of the 
commander is great. 

LESSON V. 

207. 1. High hills ; of the high hills. 2. To the 
small fleet ; of small fleets ; to small fleets. 3. Of 
German tribes ; to a German tribe ; to German tribes. 

4. Neighboring shores ; to neighboring shores ; of 
neighboring shores. 5. Of the citizens ; of a citizen ; 
to a citizen. 6. To the beautiful cities ; of a beautiful 
city ■ of beautiful cities. 7. Ariovistus calls together 
the German cavalry. 8. The hills are large and high. 
9. Terror seizes the minds of the citizens. 10. Caesar 
contends in battle with l Ariovistus and the Germans. 
11. The Roman infantry seize the town. 12. Many 
German tribes entreat peace. 

LESSON VI. 

208. 1. To the large army; of large armies; with 
large armies. 2. To the right wing; of the right 
wing. 3. Of small things ; by a small thing ; con- 
cerning small things. 4. To the neighboring harbor ; 
in 2 the neighboring harbor; of neighboring harbors. 

5. Of the beautiful day ; to a beautiful day ; concern- 

1 Where ' with ' is followed by a word referring to a person, 
the preposition cam must be used in Latin. 

2 English ' in ' must regularly be rendered in Latin by the 
preposition in. 



90 English- Latin Exercises. 

ing beautiful days. 6. Great hopes ; of great hope ; 
by great hope. 7. Caesar places the cavalry on the 
right wing. 8. By their valor and loyalty the troops 
win the victory. 9. Four legions with cavalry attack 
the town. 10. I am in doubt concerning the valor of 
the infantry. 11. The troops seize the harbors and 
ravage the coasts. 12. Marcus praises the loyalty of 
the soldiers. 

LESSOR VII. 

209. 1. Of the whole senate; to the whole senate; 
concerning the whole senate. 2. On 1 another island; 
of another island. 3. Concerning other regions ; of 
other regions. 4. Without any hope ; any hopes ; of 
any hope. 5. Of no harbors ; to no harbor ; in no 
harbor. 6. To no danger; of no dangers. 7. The 
Belgians lay waste the neighboring regions. 8. With- 
out loyalty and valor there is no hope of safety. 
9. The citizens avoid the dangers of war. 10. The 
Romans and Germans contend in 2 a cavalry battle. 
11. The foot-soldiers announce the victory. 12. We 
praise the valor of the whole line of battle. 

LESSON VIII. 

210. 1. Of the noble young man ; to noble young 
men ; to a noble young man. 2. All men ; to all men. 
3. Of the common safety; concerning the common 

1 Express by in. 

2 Do not use any preposition to translate ; in ' ; the simple 
ablative is here sufficient. 



English- Latin Exercises, 91 

safety ; to the common safety. 4. Of an old friend ; 
without an old friend ; to old friends. 5. With the 
happy citizens ; of happy citizens ; to a happy citizen. 

6. Such dangers ; by such dangers ; of such danger. 

7. The senate presents beautiful standards to the 
legion. 8. A noble young man reports the victory 
to the senate. 9. Such honors are the reward of 
loyalty. 10. He places the cavalry in the other line 
of battle. 11. The Romans conquer powerful tribes 
without danger. 12. The whole army is happy on 
account of the victory. 

LESSON IX. 

211. 1. Of a more vigorous leader; to more vigor- 
ous leaders; of the most vigorous leader. 2. On 
account of the most severe penalties ; of severer pen- 
alties; to a severer penalty. 3. Concerning the best 
man ; of the best man ; to a better man. 4. Of shorter 
lives ; of the shortest life. 5. The nearest camp ; 
of a nearer camp. 6. By the farther gate; of the 
farther gate. 7. Caesar is a better leader than Ario- 
vistus. 8. There are many legions in the larger camp. 
9. The Belgians are bravest of all the Gauls. 10. The 
soldiers attack the smaller camp. 11. "We get ready 
very great forces. 

LESSON X. 

212. 1. Beautifully; more bravely; most often. 
2. Most bravely ; more nobly. 3. Of one city ; to one 
chief. 4. With two hundred soldiers ; of thirty towns ; 



92 English- Latin Exercises, 

to two hundred boys. 5. With two hundred horse- 
men ; of a hundred slaves ; to two hundred men. 

6. Two hundred Romans defeat two thousand Gauls. 

7. A hundred horsemen most easily check the attack 
of the enemy. 8. The soldiers fight more fiercely and 
bravely. 9. A thousand cavalry contend in battle. 
10. We guard the three captives. 

LESSON XII. 

213. 1. Of thee ; to me ; without me ; concerning 
thee ; of me. 2. To us ; of you ; with us ; to you ; of 
us. 3. To thyself; of myself; concerning himself ; of 
themselves ; to myself. 4. Of my memory ; by my 
kindness ; to my slave. 5. To your kindnesses ; of 
your wrongs ; of your reward. 6. Of their arms ; to 
his father; with her daughter. 7. The fleet explores 
these coasts and islands. 8. In this narrow pass 
Caesar defeats the Sequani. 9. He presents rewards to 
these noble young men 10. My soldiers easily avoid 
all these plots and dangers. 11. This father calls his 
daughters to himself. 12. Our horsemen fight with 
their swords. 

LESSON XIII. 

214. 1. Of the consul himself; to Caesar himself; 
with the soldiers themselves. 2. To the same man; 
with the same boy ; of the same brothers. 3. To that 
battle; of those battles; by those horses. 4. To 
Lucretia herself; of you yourselves. 5. By those 
victories ; of that opinion ; to that slave. 6. He often 



English- Latin Exercises, 93 

attempts the same thing. 7. On 1 the march itself the 
army easily procures grain and forage. 8. This legion 
passes the winter in the same camp. 9. The speed of 
that horse is great. 10. There are many slaves in that 
army. 11. In the same town are two hundred Gauls. 

LESSON XIV. 

215. 1. Of any one ; to any one ; with any one. 2. Of 
whom ? to whom ? 3. With a certain man ; of a cer- 
tain city ; by certain kindnesses. 4. Of any river ; to 
any shore ; by any reward, o. What man ? What 
town? In what city? 6. Of any man you please; 
to any men you please. 7. The senate approves cer- 
tain conditions of surrender. 8. Caesar calls a certain 
horseman to himself. 9. The commander praises the 
soldiers who, attack this town. 10. Caesar calls the 
chiefs of these tribes to himself. 11. We seize a 
certain high hill. 

LESSON XY. 

216. 1. They were; we shall be; I have been. 
2. He had been ; thou art ; I shall be. 3. We were ; 
you will have been ; thou wilt be. 4. They had been; 
we shall have been ; you are. 5. Thou wast ; you 
have been ; I shall have been. 6. You will be ; I 
was ; thou hast been. 7. Where will the standards 
be? 8. I have often been in the trench. 9. Be- 
fore this town was a large camp. 10. They have 

1 Use in. 



94 English-Latin Exercises. 

been in this same city. 11. The men who announce 
the victory to the senate are swift horsemen. 12. There 
were high mountains in that province. 

LESSON XVI. 

217. 1. We should be ; we should have been. 2. You 
would be ; be ye ; about to be. 3. They shall be ; let 
us be. 4. May you be; ye shall be; to be. 5. To 
be about to be; be thou; thou wouldst have been. 
6. Thou shalt be; to have been. 7. Under another 
commander the soldiers would not be contented. 
8. Who would have praised these troops ? 9. Let 
there be no peace between us. 10. Your advice 
would have been good. 11. You would be happier in 
another town. 

LESSON XVII. 

218. 1. They administer; he was administering; I 
shall administer. 2. He demands ; you will demand ; 
we had demanded. 3. Thou wilt have called ; they 
have called ; you call. 4. They were entreating ; I 
entreat; we shall entreat. 5. They had approved; 
you will have approved ; we have approved. 6. Why 
have the troops passed the winter in Gaul ? 7. He 
who shall show kindness to a (fellow) citizen will 
win the reward. 8. You, (my) brave soldiers, have 
won the victory. 9. We have reported this battle. 

10. Terror had seized the minds of all these men. 

11. Who will approve that plan ? 



English- Latin Exercises. 95 

LESSON XVIII. 

219. 1. We should have placed ; let us place ; they 
would place. 2. Praise ye; about to praise; to 
have praised. 3. Let him doubt; they would have 
doubted. 4. May I free ; I should have freed. 5. To 
have refused ; refusing ; about to refuse ; by refusing. 

6. By fighting you would have conquered the enemy. 

7. By attacking vigorously they would have conquered. 

8. Let him attempt to free this city. 9. We should 
have attacked this town without any danger. 10. Re- 
fuse these rewards, soldiers ! 



LESSON XIX. 

220. 1. We are blamed; I was blamed;, they will 
be blamed. 2. It was announced; it has been an- 
nounced. 3. You are freed ; we shall be freed ; I 
have been freed. 4. Xhey have been checked; we 
were checked ; he is checked. 5. I shall be guarded ; 
we have been guarded ; you have been guarded. 
6. They were asked ; I had been asked ; we shall 
have been asked. 7. The number of our soldiers will 
be reported to the Germans. 8. You will all be 
praised. 9. These brave soldiers have not been 
defeated. 10. That victory will be announced. 
11. Many towns of the Belgians and other Gauls 
had been assaulted. 12. Peace had been established 
with the neighboring states. 



96 English- Latin Exercises. 

LESSON" XX. 

221. 1. Let them be placed ; I should have been 
placed. 2. Let them be checked ; they would have 
been checked. 3. I should have been asked ; having 
been asked. 4. To have been called ; they would 
have been called. 5. To be guarded ; we should have 
been guarded. 6. To be approved ; having been 
approved ; to have been approved. 7. Such loyalty 
would scarcely have been expected. 8. Let the cus- 
toms and discipline of our ancestors be preserved. 

9. I should have attempted to free this prisoner. 

10. Large armies must be got ready with the greatest 
speed. 11. Without you this town would not have 
been captured. 

LESSON XXII. 

222. 1. We remain; he has remained; you will 
remain. 2. Let him move; moving; move thou. 

3. May I see ; to have seen ; they would have seen. 

4. You order ; we were ordering ; about to order. 

5. By ordering; they had ordered; I shall have or- 
dered. 6. I had owed ; we have owed ; they were 
owing. 7. Let us increase the number of our foot- 
soldiers and cavalry. 8. I shall command you to 
remain in this town. 9. The opportune arrival of the 
general has increased the terror of our enemies. 

10. These four legions will keep off the Germans. 

11. Who moved the camp from this place ? 12. I 
shall attempt to see you. 



English-Latin Exercises. 97 

LESSON XXIII. 

223. 1. I was kept away ; let him be kept away ; 
to have been kept away. 2. We had been terrified; 
they will have been terrified ; he wonld have been ter- 
rified. 3. You are ordered; he had been ordered. 
4. He has been ordered ; they were ordered. 5. They 
have seemed ; it seems ; to seem. 6. The cavalry of 
the enemy had been seen in this place. 7. These bar- 
barians seemed to be greatly terrified. 8. I appear to 
be about to remain here for a long time. 9. The num- 
ber of the troops was quickly increased. 10. The 
onset of the barbarians had been bravely withstood 
by the Romans. 11. Let the loyalty of these citizens 
be increased by praise and rewards. 

LESSON XXIV. 

224. 1. Thou wast determining ; he will determine ; 
to have determined. 2. We distribute ; you were dis- 
tributing; they have distributed. 3. Let us distrib- 
ute; distributing; by distributing. 4. He conquers; 
you will conquer; we were conquering. 5. I have 
conquered; they will have conquered; conquer ye. 

6. You had left; they will leave; he was leaving. 

7. Let them hasten immediately into that province. 

8. Caesar had drawn up his troops on the plain in 
front of the fortification. 9. The Sequani were waging 
war with the Germans. 10. We determined to place 
our infantry behind the fortifications. 11. In the 
middle of the plain a large hill was seen. 



98 Englisli-Latin Exercises. 

LESSON XXV. 

225. 1. He is led; I was led; tliou wilt be led. 
2. We are led ; you were led ; they will be led. 3. I 
shall be summoned ; you will have been summoned ; 
we have been summoned. 4. I had been sent; he 
has been sent ; we shall have been sent. 5. May he 
be left ; you would have been left ; to be left. 6. The 
rest of the allies were left behind. 7. War will be 
waged against the Gauls. 8. All the grain had been 
consumed. 9. We shall be forced to fit out another 
fleet. 10. The legion which had already been sent 
against Ariovistus was conquered. 11. He would 
easily have led forth the infantry and drawn them 
up in a long line of battle. 

LESSON XXVI. 

226. 1. We discover; they were discovering; he 
will discover. 2. Let him discover; discovering; 
you would have discovered. 3. I was hindering; 
they have hindered; you will hinder. 4. To have 
hindered; of hindering; I should have hindered. 
5. You hear ; we shall hear ; thou hast heard. 6. He 
will have heard; they had heard; hear ye. 7. All 
the legions will come together to the same place. 
8. I shall afterwards fortify this camp. 9. The rest 
of the tribes come together from all sides and hinder 
the march of the Eomans. 10. Let us hear the words 
of the great king. 11. You have already found out 



English-Latin Exercises. 99 

the nature of this place. 12. He will come suddenly 
and quickly. 

LESSON XXVII. 

227. 1. It will be found ; to have been found ; it 
has been found. 2. We shall be hindered; I have 
been hindered. 3. We have been hindered ; they will 
have been hindered. 4. I shall be heard; thou art 
heard; may you be heard. o. We had been sur- 
rounded ; you have been surrounded ; they had been 
surrounded. 6. They rashly ran forward beyond the 
fortifications and were surrounded. 7. The voice of 
the people is not always the voice of God. 8. The 
children have been found in this forest. 9. Almost 
all the deserters will be discovered and led back. 
10. That town is surrounded by a deep ditch. 11. The 
approach of the other cohorts has been hindered. 

LESSON XXVIII. 

228. 1. You capture ; to be captured ; may you be 

captured. 2. He was making ; let him make ; I shall 

make. 3. You will be received ; we are received ; we 

should have been received. 4. To have been received; 

let them be received ; you are received. 5. He will 

be killed ; he has killed ; she had been killed ; we 

had killed. 6. They retreated ; he will retreat ; to 

have retreated. 7. That woman was killed by this 

base man. 8. The army of Ariovistus retreated 

across the Rhine. 9. The bridge had been defended 
LofC. 



100 English-Latin Exe?*cises. 

by one brave soldier. 10. The barbarians who were 
plundering this province fled. 11. The slaves were 
led back to the city whence they had escaped. 
12. Caesar surrounded and captured that whole 
tribe. 

LESSON XXIX. 

229. 1. I was attempting; we shall attempt; you 
have attempted. 2. They attempt ; thou wilt attempt ; 
he was attempting. 3. They have complained ; you 
had complained ; we shall have complained. 4. You 
will complain ; he complains ; we were complaining. 
5. Let us march out; they have marched out; you 
would have marched out. 6. To have marched out; 
we should have marched out. 7. We have dared 
to attempt this journey. 8. They marched out with 
their arms and standards. 9. Caesar was conferring 
with Ariovistus concerning the terms of surrender. 
10. Ariovistus attempted to call together the Ger- 
man tribes. 11. After five months the Helvetians 
were compelled to return to their own territory. 

LESSON XXX. 

230. 1. We are about to call ; he will be about to 
call ; they had been about to call. 2. The old insti- 
tutions and manners must be preserved. 3. He had 
been about to hand over the royal power to Caesar. 
4. The Germans who had remained across the Rhine 
were about to send aid to Ariovistus. 5. He is about 
to ask help. 



English-Latin Exercises, 101 

LESSON XXXII. 

231. 1. He was absent ; I shall be absent. 2. He 
is able ; to have been able ; yon will have been able. 
3. He has been able ; we should be able. 4. I have 
been in charge of ; we were in charge of ; you would 
have been in charge of. 5. Let them be present ; we 
are present ; they will be present. 6. Let us give ; 
we should give ; give ye. 7. An ample supply of 
grain was at hand in these winter quarters. 8. All 
hope of safety will be far distant. 9. You are in 
charge of a few men who have been left behind. 
10. Why has his confidence failed? 11. You will 
scarcely be able to see the mountains. 

LESSON XXXIII. 

232. 1. He endures ; we shall endure ; they endured. 
2. You will have endured; he was enduring; they 
endure. 3. May you bring ; he has brought. 4. To 
have brought ; about to bring ; of bringing. 5. It will 
be borne ; let them be borne ; they would have been 
borne. 6. They have been brought back ; you will 
have been brought back ; we had been brought back. 
7. So many calamities can scarcely be endured. 8. A 
report of the uprising was straightway brought to 
Caesar. 9. In the meanwhile Caesar received the 
deserters who had betaken themselves to him. 
10. You bravely endure all the dangers of this 
journey. 



102 English-Latin Exercises. 

LESSON XXXIV. 

233. 1. Thou art willing; we were willing; they 
were willing. 2. He will be willing ; he is willing ; 
they have been willing. 3. We were unwilling; I 
shall be unwilling. 4. To have been unwilling; you 
are unwilling; he had been unwilling. 5. Let him 
prefer ; we should have preferred ; to prefer. 6. I 
preferred ; we prefer ; we shall prefer. 7. He is un- 
willing to become the slave of any 1 man. 8. Frequent 
disagreements occur among the maritime tribes. 
9. You are unwilling to attack on account of your 
fear of danger. 10. Caesar will be informed of the 
recent revolt of the Sequani. 

LESSON XXXV. 

234. 1. You will perish; he has perished; we 
perish. 2, They were approaching ; he will have 
approached ; I had approached. 3. Let them cross ; 
he has crossed; I shall cross. 4. Eemember ye; he 
will remember ; to remember. 5. They hate ; you will 
hate; he was hating. 6. Let us return; we shall 
return; he has returned. 7. They have been sur- 
rounded; he will be surrounded; you will be sur- 
rounded. 8. They were approaching the fords of 
the Ehone. 9. I was not able to remember the begin- 
ning of this affair. 10. You hate all good (men). 
11. They have secretly begun to form another plan. 

1 Use ullus, a, urn. 



SELECTIONS FOR READING. 



I. FABLES. 
The Woman and the Hen. 

235. Mulier quaedam habebat gallmam, quae el cot- 
tidie ovum pariebat aureum. Hinc suspicari 1 coepit, 2 
illam auri massam intus celare, 3 et gallmam occidit. 
Sed nihil in ea repperit, nisi quod in aliis galllnis 
reperiri 4 solet. Itaque dum majoribus 5 divitiis 6 inhiat/ 
etiam minores 8 perdidit. 

The Oxen. 

236. In eodem prato pascebantur tres 9 boves in 
maxima concordia, et sic ab omni ferarum incursione 10 
tuti erant. Sed dissidio 11 inter illos orto, singuli a 
feris 12 petit! et laniati sunt. 

Fabula docet, quantum bonl 13 sit 14 in concordia. 



The footnotes refer to the sections of the author's Latin 
Grammar. 

1 328. 6 72. 9 80, 3. 12 216. 

2 133. 6 187, III. 10 214. 13 201, 2. 

3 314. 7 293, I. ii 227. 14 300. 
* 328. 8 72. 

103 



104 Selections for Reading. 

The Dog in the Manger. 

237. Canis jacebat in praesaepi bovesque latrando 1 
a pabulo 2 arcebat. Cui unus bourn, 3 " Quanta ista" 
in quit, "invidia est, quod non pateris ut eo cibo* vesca- 
mur, 5 quern til ipse capere nee veils nee possls I r 

Haec tabula invidiae 6 indolem declarat. 

The Travellers and the Ass. 

238. Duo qui una iter faciebant, asinum oberrantem 
in solitudine conspicati/ accurrunt laeti, 8 et uterque 
eum sibi vindicate 9 coepit, quod eum prior 10 conspexis- 
set. 11 Dum vero contendunt 12 et rlxantur, nee a ver- 
beribus 13 abstinent, asinus aufugit et neuter eo 14 potitur, 

The Kid and the Wolf. 

239. Haedus, stans in tecto domtis, lupo 15 praetere- 
unti 16 maledlxit. Cui lupus, " Non tu" inquit, u sed 
tectum mihi maledicit." 

Saepe locus et terapus homines 17 timidos audaces 18 
reddit. 

The Peasant and the Mouse. 

240. Mus a rustico 19 deprehensus tarn acri morsti 20 
ejus digitos vulneravit, ut ille eum dimitteret, 21 dicens: 



1 338, 4, a. 


7 112. 


12 293, I. 


1 7 177. 


2 214. 


8 239. 


is 214. 


is 177, 2. 


3 201. 


9 328. 


14 218, 1. 


19 216. 


4 218, 1. 


10 241, 2. 


is 187, II, a. 


20 218. 


5 295, 2. 


11 286. 


i 6 132. 


21 284, 1. 


6 198. 









Selections for Reading. 105 

"Nihil, mehercule, tarn pusillum est, quod de salute de- 
sperdre debeat, 1 modo se defendere velitP 

The Wolf and the Crane. 

241. In faucibus lupi os inhaeserat. Mercede 2 
igitur conducit gruem, qui illud extrahat. 3 Hoc grtis 
longittidine 4 colli facile effecit. Cum autem mercedein 
postularet/ subridens lupus et dentibus 6 infrendens, 
" Num tibi," inquit, " parva merces videtur, quod caput 
incolume ex lupi faucibus extrdxisti?" 

The Trumpeter. 

242. Tubicen ab hostibus captus/ " Xolite 8 me" 
inquit, " interficere ; nam inermis sum, neque quidquam 
liabeo praeter hanc tubam." At hostes, " Propter hoc 
ipsum," inquiunt, " te interimemus, quod, cum ipse pug- 
nandl 9 sis 10 imperitus, alios ad pugnam incitdre 11 
soles" 12 

Fabula docet, non solum maleficos esse ptiniendos 13 
sed etiam eos, qui alios ad male faciendum 14 irrltent. 15 

The Farmer and his Sons. 

243. Agricola senex, cum mortem sibi 16 appropin- 
quare 17 sentiret/ 8 fllios convocavit, quos/ 9 ut fieri 20 

1 284, 2. e 218. ii 328. i« 187, III. 

2 225. 7 337^ 2. 12 286. 17 314. 

3 282, 2. 8 276, c. i3 314. i g 288, B. 

4 218. 9 338, 1 ; 204. 14 338, 3. 19 314. 
& 288, B, io 309, 3. 1 5 314. 20 131. 



106 Selections for Reading. 

solet, interdum discordare l noverat, et f ascem virgula- 
rum afferri 2 jubet. Quibus 3 allatis, filios hortatur, ut 
hunc fascem frangerent. 4 Quod cum facere non pos- 
sent, 5 distribuit singulas virgas, eisque 6 celeriter 
fractis, docuit illos, quam firma res 7 esset 8 concordia, 
quamque imbecillis discordia. 

The Mice. 

244. Mures aliquando habuerunt consilium, quo 
modo a fele caverent. 9 Multis aliis 10 propositis, omni- 
bus 11 placuit 12 ut el 13 tintinnabulum annecteretur ; 14 sic 
enim ipsos sonitu 15 admonitos earn fugere 16 posse. 17 Sed 
cum jam inter mures quaereretur, 18 qui fell 19 tintinna- 
bulum annecteret, 20 nemo repertus est. 

Fabula docet, in suadendo plurimos esse 21 audaees, 22 
sed in ipso periculo timidos. 

The Tortoise and the Eagle. 

245. Testudo aquilam magnopere orabat, ut sese 
volare doceret. 23 Aquila el ostendebat quidem, earn 
rem petere 24 naturae 25 suae contrariam; sed ilia nihilo 26 
minus Instabat, et obsecrabat aquilam, ut se 27 volu- 
crem 28 facere 29 vellet. 30 Itaque ungulis 31 arreptam 



1314. 


9 300, 2. 


17 314. 


25 192, 1. 


2 331, II. 


10 227. 


i 8 288, B. 


™ 223. 


3 227. 


11 187, II, a. 


1 9 187, III. 


2 -177; 244,11 


4 295, 1. 


12 138. 


20 300, 1. 


28 177, 2. 


5 288, B. 


13 187, III. 


2 i 314. 


29 328. 


6 227. 


14 295, 4. 


22 233, 2 ; 231. 


30 295, 1. 


' 168. 


is 218. 


23 295, 1. 


si 218. 


8 300, 1. 


16 328. 


24 314. 





Selections for Reading, 107 

aquila sustulit in sublime, et demisit illarn, nt per 
aerem ferretur. 1 Turn in saxa incidens comminuta 
interiit. 

Haec tabula docet, rnultos eupiditatibus 2 suis occae- 
catos consilia prudentioruro respuere, 3 et in exitium 
mere stultitia 4 sua. 5 

The Lion. 

246. Societatem junxerant leo, juvenca, capra, ovis. 
Praeda 6 autem, quam ceperant, in quattuor partes 
aequales divisa, leo, "Prima" ait, "meet est; debetur 
enim haec praestantiae meae. Tollam et secundam, 
quam meretur rbbur meum. Tertiam vindicat sibi 
egregius labor mens. Quartam qui sibi arrogare volu- 
erit, is sciat, 7 se habiturum me inimlcum sibi." 8 Quid 
facerent 9 imbeeilles bestiae, aut quae sibi leonem 
inf estum habere 10 vellet ? u 



II. ROMAN HISTORY. 
1. The Regal Period, 753-510 b.c. 

Saturn. 

247. Antiquissimis temporibus 12 Saturnus in Italiam 
venisse dicitur. Ibi haud procul a Janiculo arcern 



1282. 


4 219. 


7 275. 


10 328. 


2 218. 


5 243, 1, a. 


8 192, 1. 


11 277. 


3 314. 


6 227. 


9 277. 


12 230. 



108 Selections for Reading. 

condidit, eamque 1 Saturniam 2 appellavit. Hie Italos 3 
primus 4 agriculturam 5 docuit. 

Latinus and Aeneas. 

248. Postea Latinus in illis regionibus imperavit. 
Sub hoc rege Troja in Asia e versa est. Hinc Aeneas, 
Anchisae films, cum multis Trojanis, quibus 6 ferrum 
Graecorum pepercerat, auftigit et in Italiam pervenit. 
Ibi Latinus rex el benigne recepto flliam Lavmiam in 
matrimonium dedit. Aeneas urbem condidit, quam 7 
in honorem conjugis Lavmium 8 appellavit. 

Founding of Alba Longa by Ascanius. 

249. Post Aeneae mortem Ascanius, Aeneae filius, 
regnum accepit. Hie sedem regni in alium locum 
transtulit, urbemque condidit in monte Albano, eamque 
Albam Longam nuncupavit. Eum secutus est Silvius, 
qui post Aeneae mortem Lavinia 9 natus erat. Ejus 
poster! omnes usque ad Komam conditam Albae 10 reg- 
naverunt. 

Other Kings of Alba. 

250. Unus horum regum, 11 Romulus Silvius, se 
Jove 12 majorem 13 esse 14 dlcebat, et, cum tonaret, 15 



1 177. 


5 178, 1, b. 


9 215. 


18 233, 2. 


2 177. 


6 187, II, a. 


10 232, 1. 


14 314. 


3 178, 1, b. 


7 177. 


11 201. 


15 288, B. 


4 241, 2. 


8 177. 


12 217. 





Selections for Reading, 109 

militibus 1 imperii vit, ut clipeos hastis 2 percuterent, 3 
dicebatque liunc solium lnulto 4 clarioreni 5 esse 6 quani 
tonitrum. Fulmine 7 ictus et iu Albanum lacuna prae- 
cipitatus est. 

Silvius Procas, rex Albanorum, duos filios reliquit 
Numitorem et Amulium. Horum minor natu, 8 Amu- 
lius, fratri optionem dedit utrum regnum habere 9 
vellet, 10 an bona, quae pater reliquisset. 11 Numitor 
paterna bona praetulit ; Amtilius regnum obtinuit. 

Birth of Romulus axd Remus. 

251. Amiilius, ut regnum firmissime possideret, 12 
Numitoris f ilium per insidias interemit et f Iliam fra- 
tris Rheam Silviam 13 Vestalem virginem 14 fecit. Nam 
his Vestae sacerdotibus Vo 11011 licet viro 16 nubere. 17 Sed 
haec a Marte geminos filios, Romulum et Eemum, pepe- 
rit. Hoc cum Amulius comperisset, 18 matrem in vin- 
cula conjecit, pueros 19 autem in Tiberim 20 abici 21 jussit. 

252. Forte Tiberis aqua ultra ripam se effuderat, 
et, cum pueri in vado essent positi, 22 aqua renuens eos 
in sicco reliquit. Ad eorum vagitum lupa accurrit, 
eosque tiberibus 23 suis aluit. Quod videns Faustulus 
quldam, pastor illius regionis, pueros sustulit, et uxorl 
Accae Larentiae nutriendos dedit. 



1 187, II, a. 


6 314. 


ii 314. 




16 187, 


II. 


20 38, 1. 


2 218. 


7 218. 


12 282. 




1 7 327. 




2 i 331, II. 


8 295, 1. 


8 226. 


is 177. 




is 288, 


B. 


22 286, 2. 


4 223. 


9 328. 


1 4 177. 




19 331, 


II. 


23 218. 


5 233, 2 ; 234. 


10 300, 1. 


1 5 187, 


II, 


a. 







110 Selections for Reading, 

Foundation of Rome, 753 b.c. 

253. Sic Romulus et Remus pueritiam inter pastores 
transegerunt. Cum adolevissent, 1 et forte comperis- 
sent, quis ipsorum avus, quae mater f uisset, 2 Amulium 
interfecerunt, et Numitorl avo regnum restituerunt. 
Turn urbem condiderunt in monte Aventlno, quam 3 
Romulus a suo nomine Romam 4 vocavit. Haec cum 
moenibus 5 circumdaretur, 6 Remus occisus est, dum 
f rat rem irridens moenia transilit. 7 

Seizure of the Sabine Women. 

254. Romulus, ut civium numerum augeret, 8 asylum 
patef ecit, ad quod multi ex civitatibus suis puis! accur- 
rerunt. Sed novae urbis clvibus conjuges deerant. 
Itaque festum Neptuni et ludos Instituit. Ad hos 
cum multi ex fmitimls populis cum mulieribus et 
liberis venissent, 9 Roman! inter ipsos ludos spectantes 
virgines rapuerunt. 

War with the Sabines. 

255. Populi ill! quorum 10 virgines raptae erant bel- 
lum adversus raptores susceperunt. Cum Romae 
appropinquarent, 11 forte in Tarpeiam virginem incide- 
runt quae in arce sacra 12 proctirabat. Hanc rogabant, 
ut viam in arcem monstraret, 13 eique permiserunt, ut 
munus sibi posceret. 14 Ilia petiit, ut sibi darent, 15 quod 



i 288, B. 


5 218. 


9 288, B. 


13 295, 1. 


2 300, 1. 


6 288, B. 


10 198. 


14 295, 2. 


3 177. 


7 293, I. 


11 288, B. 


15 295, 1. 


4 177. 


8 282. 


12 236, 1. 





Selections for Reading. Ill 

in sinistris rnanibus gererent, anulos aureos et armillas 
significans. At hostes in arcem ab ea perductl sctitis 1 
Tarpeiam obruerunt; nam et ea in sinistris manibus 
gerebant. 

Treaty with the Sabixes. 

256. Turn Eomulus cum hoste, qui montem Tar- 
peium tenebat, pugnam conseruit in eo loco, ubi nunc 
Forum Eomanum est. In media 2 caede raptae pro- 
cesserunt, et hinc patres hinc conjuges et soceros com- 
plectebantur, et rogabant, ut caedis fluent facerent. 3 
Utrlque his precibus 4 commoti sunt. Eomulus foedus 
Icit et Sabinos in urbem recepit. 

Ixstitutioxs of Romulus. — His Death. 

257. Postea civitatem discrlpsit. Centum senatores 
legit eosque 5 cum ob aetatem turn ob reverentiam els 
debitam patres 6 appellavit. Plebem in triginta curias 
distribuit, easque raptarum nominibus 7 nuncupavit. 
Anno 8 regnl trlcesimo septimo, cum exercitum lustra- 
ret, 9 inter tempestatem ortam repente oculls hominum 
subduct us est. Hinc alii 10 eum a senatoribus interfec- 
tum, 11 alii 10 ad deos sublatum esse 11 existimaverunt. 

Eeigx of Xuma Pompilius. 

258. Post Eomull mortem unlus annl interregnum 
fuit. Quo 12 elapso, Numa Pompilius, Curious/ 3 urbe 



*218. 


4 218. 


7 218. 


10 253, 1. 


12 227. 


2 241, 1. 


5 177. 


8 230. 


ii 314. 


1 3 228, 1, a. 


3 295, 1. 


6 177. 


9 288, B. 







112 Selections for Reading. 

in agro Sabmorum natus, rex 1 creatus est. Hie vir 
bellum quidem nullum gessit ; nee minus tamen civi- 
tati 2 prof u it. Nam et leges dedit, et sacra 3 plurima 
Instituit, ut populi barbari et bellicosi mores molliret. 4 
Omnia 5 autem, quae faciebat, se nymph ae Egeriae, 
conjugis suae, monitu 6 facere 7 dlcebat. Morbo 8 decessit 
quadragesimo tertio imperii anno. 9 

TULLUS HOSTILIUS. 

259. Numae 10 successit Tullus Hostllius, cujus 
avus se 11 in bello ad versus Sabinos fortem et strenuum 
virum 12 praestiterat. Rex 13 creatus bellum Albanls 14 
indixit, idque trigeminorum, Horatiorum et Curiatio- 
rum, certamine 15 finivit. Albam propter perfidiam 
Mettii Fufetii diruit. Cum triginta duo annos 16 reg- 
nasset, 17 fulmine 18 ictus cum domo sua arsit. 

Aureus Marcius. 

260. Post hunc Ancus Marcius, Numae ex filia 
nepos, suscepit imperium. Hie vir aequitate 19 et 
religione avo 20 similis, Latinos bello 21 domuit, urbem 
ampliavit, et nova el 22 moenia circumdedit. Carcerem 
primus 23 aedificavit. Ad Tiberis ostia urbem condidit, 
Ostiamque vocavit. Vicesimo quarto anno 24 imperil 
morbo 25 obiit. 



1 177, 3. 


6 219. 




11 177. 


16 181. 


21 218. 


2 187, II, a. 


7 314. 




12 177. 


17 288, B. 


22 187, III. 


3 236, 1. 


8 219. 




13 177, 3. 


18 218. 


23 241, 2. 


4 282. 


9 230. 




14 187, III. 


19 226. 


24 230. 


6 236, 1. 


10 187, 


III. 


is 218. 


^ 192, 1, 


25 219. 



Selections for Reading. 113 

Lucius Tarquinius Priscus. 

261. Deinde regnum Lucius Tarquinius Priscus 
accepit, Demarati filius, qui tyrannos patriae Corinth! 
fugiens in Etruriam venerat. Ipse Tarquinius, qui 
nomen ab urbe Tarquiniis accepit, aliquando Eomam 1 
venerat. 

262. Cum Romae 2 commoraretur, 3 Anci regis fami- 
liaritatem consectitus est, qui eum 4 filiorum suorum 
tutorem 5 rellquit. Sed is piipillls 6 regnum intercepit. 
Senatoribus, quos Romulus creaverat, centum alios 
addidit, qui minorum gentium sunt appellati. Plura 
bella feliciter gessit, nee paucos agros, hostibus 
ademptos, urbis territorio 7 adjunxit. Primus 8 trium- 
phans urbem intravit. Cloacas fecit: Capitolium inco- 
havit. Tricesimo octavo imperii anno 9 per And filios, 
quibus regnum eripuerat, occlsus est. 

Servius Tullius. 

263. Post hunc Servius Tullius suscepit imperium, 
genitus ex nobill femina, captiva tamen et famula. 
Cum adolevisset, 10 rex el filiam in matrimonium dedit. 

264. Cum Priscus Tarquinius occlsus esset, 11 Tana- 
quil de superiore parte domus populum allocuta est, 
dlcens: regem 12 grave quiclem, sed non letale vulnus 
accepisse; 12 eum petere, ut populus, dum convaluisset,™ 



1 182. 


5 177. 


8 241, 2. 


11 288, B. 


2 232. 


6 188, 2, (I 


9 230. 


12 314. 


3 288, B. 


' 187, III. 


10 288, B. 


13 293, III, 2 ; 314. 


4 177. 









114 Selections for Reading. 

Servio Tullio 1 oboedrlet. 2 Sic Servius regnare coepit, 
et bene imperium administravit. Montes tres urbi 
adjunxit. Primus omnium censum ordinavit. Sub 
eo Eoma habuit octoginta tria mllia clvium cum his 
qui in agrls erant. 

265. Hie rex interfectus est scelere 3 flliae Tulliae 
et Tarquinii Superbl, filii ejus regis, cui 4 Servius suc- 
cesserat. Nam ab ipso Tarquinio 5 interfectus est. 
Tullia in forum properavit, et prima 6 conjugem 7 regem 8 
salutavit. Cum domum 9 redlret, 10 aurigam super patris 
corpus, in via jacens, carpentum agere 11 jussit. 

Tarquinius Superbus. 

266. Tarquinius Superbus cognomen moribus 12 
meruit. Bello 13 tamen strenuus pltires finitimorum 
populorum 14 vlcit. Templum Jovis in Capitolio aedi- 
ficavit. Postea, dum Ardeam oppugnat, 15 urbem Latil, 
imperium perdidit. Nam cum fllius ejus Lucretiae, 
nobilissimae feminae, conjugl 16 Tarquinii Collatlm, 
vim fecisset, 17 haec sS ipsa occldit in conspectu. maritl, 
patris, amicorumque, postquam eos obtestata est 18 ut 
hanc injuriam ulclscerentur. 19 

267. Hanc ob causam L. Brutus, Collatlnus, alilque 
nonntilll in exitium regis conjurarunt, populoque 20 



i 187, II, a. 


6 241, 2. 


ii 331, 


II. 


i 6 187, I. 


2 295, 1. 


* 177. 


12 219. 




17 288, B. 


3 218. 


8 177. 


1 3 22(3. 




18 287, 1. 


4 187, III. 


9 182, 1, b. 


1 4 201. 




19 295, 1. 


5 216. 


1° 288, B. 


i^ 293, 


I. 


2 o 187, II, a. 



Selections for Reading. 115 

persuaserunt, ut el portas urbis clauderet. 1 Exercitus 
quoque, qui civitatem Arcleam cum rege oppugnabat, 
eum reliquit. Itaque fugit cum uxore et liberis suis. 
Ita Romae septem reges regnaverunt annos 2 ducentos 
quadraginta tres. 

2. The Early Republic, 510-241 b.c. 

Institution of the Republic, 510 b.c 

268. Hinc consules coepere 3 pro uno rege duo 
crear!, 4 ut si tinus malus esset, alter eum coerceret. 5 
Annuum els imperium tributum est, ne per diuturni- 
tatem potestatis Insolentiores redderentur. 6 Fuerunt 
igitur anno 7 prmio, expulsis regibus. 8 consules L. 
Junius Brutus, acerrimus libertatis vindex, et Tar- 
quinius Collatinus maritus Lucretiae, sed Collatmo 9 
paulo 10 post dignitas adempta est. Placuerat enim, ne 
quis ex Tarquiniorum familia Romae maneret. 11 Ergo 
cum omni patrimonio suo ex urbe migravit, et in ejus 
locum Valerius Publicola consul 12 f actus est. 

Death of Brutus. 

269. Commovit bellum urbl rex Tarquinius. In 
prima pugna Brutus consul, et Arruns, Tarquinii filius, 
inter sese 13 occiderunt. Roman! tamen ex ea pugna 
victor es recesserunt. Brutuni Romanae matronae, 



1 295, 1. 


5 282. 


8 227. 


« 295, 4. 


2 181. 


6 282. 


9 188, 2, d. 


12 177, 3. 


3 133. 


7 230. 


i° 223. 


13 245. 


4 328. 









116 Selections for Reading. 

quasi commtmem patrem, per annum luxerunt. Vale- 
rius Pilblicola Spurium Lucretium, 1 collegam 2 sibi 
fecit; cum morbo exstmctus esset, 3 Publicola Horatium 
Pulvlllum sibi collegam sumpsit. Itaque primus 
annus quinque consules habuit. 

War with Porsena, 508 b.c. 

270. Secundo quoque anno 4 iterum Tarquinius 
bellum Romanis 5 intulit, Porsena, 6 rege Etruscorum, 
auxilium el ferente. In illo bello Horatius Codes 
solus pontem ligneum defendit et hostes cohibuit, dum 
pons a tergo ruptus esset. 7 Turn se cum armis in 
Tiberim conjecit, et ad suos 8 transnavit. 

271. Dum Porsena urbem obsidet, 9 Quintus Miicius 
Scaevola, juvenis fortis animi, 10 in castra hostium se 
contulit eo consilio, ut regem occideret. 11 At ibi scri- 
bam regis pro ipso rege interfecit. Turn a regiis 
satellitibus 12 comprehensus et ad regem deductus, cum 
Porsena eum Ignibus 13 allatis terreret, 14 dextram arae 15 
accensae imposuit, dum flammis constimpta esset. 16 
Hoc f acinus rex mlratus, juvenem dimlsit incolumem. 
Turn hie, quasi beneficium referens, ait, trecentos alios 
juvenes 17 in eum conjurctsse. 17 Hac re 18 territus Porsena 
pacem cum Eomanis fecit, Tarquinius autem Tuscu- 
lum 19 se contulit, ibique privatus cum uxore consenuit. 



!177. 


6 227. 


11 282. 


16 293, 


Ill, 2. 


2 177. 


7 293, III, 2. 


i 2 216. 


» 314. 




3 288, B. 


8 236, 1. 


is 227. 


18 218. 




4 230. 


9 293, I. 


14 288, B. 


1 9 182. 




6 187, III. 


10 203, 1. 


is 187, III. 







Selections for Reading, 117 

Secession of the Plebs, 494 b.c. 

272. Sexto decimo anno 1 post reges exactos, popu- 
lus Romae 2 seditionem fecit, questus quod tributis 3 et 
militia a senatu exhaunretur. 4 Magna pars plebis 
urbem reliquit, et in montem trans Anienem amnem 
secessit. Turn patres turbat! Meneniuni Agrippam 
miserunt ad plebem qui earn senatu! conciliaret. 5 Hie 
els inter alia 6 fabulam naravit de ventre et membris 
human! corporis; qua 7 populus commotus est, ut in 
urbem rediret. 8 Turn primum tribun! plebis creati 
sunt, qui plebem adversum nobilitatis superbiam 
defenderent. 9 

Treason of Cokiolanus, 492 b.c. 

273. Octavo decimo anno 10 post exactos reges, Q, 
Marcius, Coriolanus 11 dictus ab urbe Volscorum Corio- 
lis, quam bello ceperat, pleb! 12 invisus tier! coepit. 
Quare urbe 13 expulsus ad Volscos, acerrimos Romano- 
rum hostes, contendit, et ab els 14 dux 15 exercitus f actus 
Romanos saepe vicit. Jam usque ad qumtum millia- 
rium urbis accesserat, nee ullis civium suorum lega- 
tionibus fleet! poterat, ut patriae parceret. 16 Denique 
Veturia mater et Volumnia uxor ex urbe ad eum 
venerunt; quarum fletu 17 et precibus commotus est, 
ut exercitum removeret. 18 Quo 19 facto a 20 Volscis ut 
proditor occlsus esse dlcitur. 

1 230. 5 282, 2. 9 282, 2. 13 214. 17 218. 

2 232. 6 236, 1. 10 230. 14 216. 18 295, 1. 

3 218. 7 218. n 177, 3. * 5 177, 3. 19 227. 

4 286, 1. 8 295, 1. 12 192, 1. 16 295, 1. 20 216. 



118 Selections for Reading. 

Battle of the Ckemera, 477 b.c. 

274. Cum Eomani adversum Vejentes bellum gere- 
rent, 1 familia Fabiorum sola hoc bellum suscepit. 
Profecti sunt trecenti sex nobilissiml homines, duce 2 
Fabio consule. Cum saepe hostes vlcissent, apud 
Cremeram fluvium castra posuerunt. Ibi, cum Vejen- 
tes dolo 3 usi eos in Insidias pellexissent, in proelio 
exorto omnes perierunt. Unus superfuit ex tanta 
familia, qui propter aetatem puerilem duel non potuerat 
ad pugnam. Hie genus propagavit ad Quintum 
Fabium Maximum, ilium qui Hannibalem prudent! 
cunctatione debilitavit. 

The Decemvirs. 

275. Anno trecentesimo et altero ab urbe condita 
decemviri creatl sunt, qui clvitatl leges scrlberent. 4 
Hi prlmo anno bene egerunt; secundo autem domina- 
tionem exercere 5 coeperunt. Sed cum unus eorum, 
Appius Claudius, virginem ingenuam, Virginiam, Vir- 
ginil centurionis flliam, corrumpere vellet, pater earn 
occldit. Turn ad mllites proftlgit eosque ad seditionem 
commovit. Adempta est decemvirls 6 potestas, ipslque 
omnes aut morte 7 aut exsilio ptinltl sunt. 

The Siege of Veil 

276. In beilo contra Vejentanos Furius Camillus 
urbem Falerios obsidebat. In qua obsidione cum ludi 

1 288, B. 3 218, 1. & 328. 7 218. 

2 227. 4 282, 2. 6 188, 2, d 



Selections for Reading. 119 

litterarii inagister principum filios ex urbe in castra 
hostium duxisset, Caniillus hoc donuru non accepit, 
sed scelestum hominem, manibus 1 post tergum vinctis, 
pueris Falerios redticendum tradidit; virgasque eis 
deditj quibus proditorem in urbem agerent. 2 Hac 
tanta animi nobilitate conimoti Falisci urbem Eomanis 
tradiderunt. Camillo autem apud Edmanos crirninl 3 
datum est, quod albls equis triumphasset 4 et praedam 
inaeque divisisset; damnatus ob earn causarn et civi- 
tate 5 expulsus est. 

Rome captured by the Gauls, 390 b.c. 

277. Paulo 6 post Galli Senones ad urbem venerunt, 
Eomanos ad numen Alliam vicerunt, et urbem etiam 
occuparunt. Jam nihil praeter Capitolium defend! 
potuit. Et jam praesidium fame 7 laborabat, et in eo 
erant, ut pacem a Gallis auro 8 emerent, 9 cum Caniil- 
lus cum manu militum superveniens hostes magno 
proelio 10 superavit. 

Achievement of Titus Maxlius Torquatus, 361 b.c. 

278. Anno trecentesimo nonagesimo tertio post 
urbem conditam Galli iterum ad urbem accesserant, 
et quarto milliario trans Anienem fluvium consede- 
rant. Contra eos missus est Titus Qumctius. Ibi Gal- 
lus quidam eximia corporis magnitudine 11 fortissimum 



*227. 


4 286, 1. 


7 59, 2, b; 219. 


i° 218. 


2 282, 2. 


5 214. 


8 225. 


11 224. 


3 191, 1. 


6 223. 


9 297. 





120 Selections for Reading, 

Romanorum ad certamen singulare provocavit. Titus 
Manlius, nobilissimus juvenis, provocationem accepit, 
Galium occldit, eumque torque 1 aureo spoliavit, quo 
ornatus erat. Hinc et ipse et poster! ejus Torquati 2 
appellati sunt. Galli fugam capessiverunt. 

Marcus Valerius Corvinus, 348 b.c. 

279. Novo bello 3 cum Gallis exorto, anno urbis 
quadringentesimo sexto, iterum Gallus processit robore 
atque armls Insignis, et provocavit unum ex Romanis 
ut secum armls decerneret. 4 Turn se M. Valerius, 
tribunus mllitum, obtulit; et, cum processisset armatus, 
corvus el 5 supra dextrum braccliium sedit. Mox, com- 
niissa pugna, 6 hie corvus alis 7 et unguibus Galli oculos 
verberavit. Ita factum est ut Gallus mill 6 negotio a 
Valerio interficeretur, 8 qui hinc Corvini nomen accepit. 

War with the Samnites, 323 b.c. 

280. Postea Roman! bellum gesserunt cum Samniti- 
bus, ad quod L. Papirius Cursor cum lion ore dictatoris 
profectus est. Qui cum negotii ctijusdam causa 
Romam 9 rediisset, praecepit Q. Pabio Rulliano, 10 
magistro equitum, quern apud exercitum reliquit, ne 
pugnam cum hoste committeret. 11 Sed ille, occasionem 
nactus, felicissime dimicavit, et Samnites delevit. Ob 
hanc rem a dictatore capitis 12 damnatus est. At ille 



!214. 


4 295, 1. 


7 218. 


i° 187, IT, a. 


2 177, 3. 


&188. 


8 297, 2. 


u 295, 1. 


3 227. 


6 227. 


9 182. 


12 208, 2, a. 



Selections for Reading. 121 

in urbem confugit, et ingenti favore 1 militum et popul! 
liberatus est; in Paplrium autem tanta exorta est 
seditio, ut paene ipse intern ceretur. 2 

Battle of the Caudlne Forks, 321 b.c. 

281. Duobus annis 3 post T. Veturius et Spnrius 
Postumius consules bellum adversum Samnites gere- 
bant. Hi a Pontio Telesmo. 4 duce hostium, in msidias 
induct! sunt. Nam ad Furculas Caudlnas Romanos 
pellexit in angustias unde sese expedire non poterant. 
Ibi Pontius patrem suum Herennium rogavit, quid 
faciendum putaret. 5 Hie respondit, aut omnes occiden- 
dos esse, 6 ut JRomanorum vires f r anger entur 7 aut omnes 
dimittendos, ut beneficio obUgarentur. Pontius utrum- 
que consilium improbavit, omnesque sub jugum misit. 
Samnites denique post bellum undequlnquaginta anno- 
rum superati sunt. 

War with Pyrrhus, 281 b.c. 

282. Devictis Samnitibus, 8 Tarentinis 9 bellum in- 
dictum est, quia legatis Romanorum injur iam fecis- 
sent. 10 Hi Pyrrhum, 11 Eplr! regem, contra Eomanos 
auxilium 12 poposcerunt. Is mox in Italiam venit, 
turn que prlmum Roman! cum transmarlno lioste ptig- 
naverunt. Missus est contra eum consul Ptiblius 
Valerius Laevlnus. Hie, cum exploratores Pyrrh! 



!219. 


4 216. 


7 282. 


10 286, 1. 


2 284, 1. 


5 300, 1. 


8 227. 


ii 178, 1, a. 


3 223, 


6 314. 


9 187, III. 


i 2 178, 1, a. 



122 Selections for Reading. 

cepisset, jussit eos per castra duel, tumque dimitti, 
ut renuntiareut 1 Pyrrho, quaecumque a Komanls- 
agerentur. 

283. Pugna 8 commissi, Pyrrhus auxilio 4 elephanto- 
rimi vlcit. Xox proelio finem dedit. Laevinus tamen 
per noctem fugit. Pyrrhus Bomaiios mille octingentos 
cepitj eosque summo honore 5 tractavit. Cum eos, qui 
in proelio interfectl erant, omnes adversis vulneribus 6 
et true! vultu 6 etiam mortuos jacere 7 videret, tulisse 
ad caelum mantis dicitur cum hac voce: "Ego cum 
talibus viris brevi* orbem ten-arum subigam" 

284. Postea Pyrrhus Romam 9 perrexit; omnia ferro 
lgnique vastavit; Campaniam depopulates est, atque 
ad Praeneste venit, milliario ab urbe octavo deeimo. 
Mox terrore 10 exercitus, qui cum consule 11 sequebatur, 
in Campaniam se recepit. Legati ad Pyrrhum de 
eaptlvis redimendis 1 - missi honorifice ab eo 13 suscepti 
sunt; captivos sine pretio reddidit. Unum ex legatis, 
Fabricium sic admiratus est, ut el quartam partem 
regni sui promitteret, 14 si ad se transiret, 15 sed a 
Fabricio contemptus est. 

285. Cum jam Pyrrhus ingenti Eomanorum admira- 
tione 10 teueretur, legatum misit Cineam, praestantis si- 
mum virum qui pacem peteret 17 ea condicione, ut 



i 282. 


5 220. 


9 182. 


12 339. 


1. 


i 5 314; 


319, B. 


2 216. 


6 224. 


i° 219. 


1 3 216. 




16 218. 




3 227. 


< 314. 


11 222. 


M 284, 


1. 


i7 282, 


2, 


-^ 218. 


s 231. 













Selections for Reading. 123 

Pyrrhus earn partem Italiae quaro. arniis 1 occupaverat 
obtineret. Koniani responderunt, eum cum Romanls 
pacem habere non posse, 2 nisi ex Italia recessisset? 
Cineas cum rediisset, Pyrrho eum interroganti, qualis 
ipsi Roma visa esset, 4 respondit, se regum patriam 
vidisse. 

Integrity of Fabricius. 

286. In altero proelio Pyrrhus vulneratus est, 
elephant! interfecti, viginti milia hostium caesa sunt. 
Pyrrhus Tarentum 5 fugit. Inter jecto anno, Fabricius 
contra eum missus est. Ad hunc medicus Pyrrhi 
nocte 6 venit promittens, se Pyrrhum veneno occisurum 
si munus sibi daretur. 7 Hunc Pabricius vinctum 
reduci 8 jussit ad dominum. Tunc rex admlratus ilium 
dixisse fertur: " Ille est Fabricius, qui difficilius ab 
honestate quam sol a cursu suo avertl potest" Paulo 
post Pyrrhus tertio etiam proelio fusus a Tarento 
recessit, et, cum in Graeciam rediisset, ad Argos, 
Peloponnesi urbem, interfectus est. 

First Punic War, 264 b.c. 

287. Anno quadringentesimo nonagesimo post 
urbem conditam Komanorum exercitus primum in 
Siciliam trajecerunt, regemque Syracusarum Hiero- 
nem, Poenosque, qui multas civitates in ea insula 
occupaverant, superaverunt. Quinto anno hujus belli, 
quod contra Poenos gerebatur, primum Komani, Gaio 

!218. 3 314; 319, B, a. 5 182. 7 314; 319, B, a 

2 314. 4 300,1. 6 230. 8 331, II. 



124 Selections for Reading. 

Dullio, Griiaeo Cornelio Asina consulibus, 1 marl dlmi- 
caverunt. Dullius Carthaginienses vicit, triginta naves 
occupavit, quattuordecim mersit, septem milia hos- 
tium 2 cepit, tria nillia occidit. Nulla victoria 
Romanis 3 gratior fuit. 

The Romans invade Africa, 256 b.c. 

288. Paucis annis inter jectis, bellum in Africam est 
translation. Hamilcar, Carthaginiensium dux, piigna 4 
naval! superatus est ; nam, perditis sexaginta quattuor 
navibus, se recepit; Roman! viginti duas amiserunt. 
Cum in Africam venissent, Poenos in pltiribus proeliis 
vieerunt, magnam vim hominum ceperunt, septuaginta 
quattuor civitates in fidem acceperunt. Turn victi 
Carthaginienses pacem a Romanis 5 petierunt. Quam 
cum Marcus Atilius Regulus, Romanorum dux, dare 
nollet nisi diirissimis condicionibus, Carthaginienses 
auxilium petierunt a LacedaemoniTs. Hi Xanthippum 
miserunt, qui Eomanum exercitum magno proelio 
vicit. Regulus ipse captus et in vincula conjectus est. 

Patriotism of Regulus, 250 b.c. 

289. Non tamen ubique fortuna Carthaginiensibus 6 
favit. Cum aliquot proeliis 7 victi essent, Regulum 
rogaverunt, ut Romam profidsceretur, 8 et pacem capti- 
vorumque permutationem a Romanis obtineret. Hie 

1 227, 1. 3 192, 1. 5 178, 1, a, p. 126. 7 218. 

2 201. 4 218. 6 187, II, a. 8 295, 1. 



Selections for Reading, 125 

cum Eomam 1 venisset, inductus in senatum dixit, se 
desiisse 2 Romanian esse ex ilia die, qua 2, in potestatem 
Poenorum venisset. 2 Turn Eomanis 4 suasit, ne pacem 
cum Cartliaginiensibus facerent: 5 illos enim tot casibus 
fractos spem nullam nisi in pace habere: tanti non 
esse, 6 ut tot mllia captivorum propter se unum et paucos, 
qui ex Romanls capti essent 6 redderentur. Haec sen- 
tentia obtinuit. Eegressus igitur in Africam crudelis- 
simis suppliciis exstlnctus est. 

Close of the First Punic War, 241 b.c 

290. Tandem C. Lutatio Catulo, A. Postumio con- 
sulibus, 7 anno belli Punici vicesimo tertio magnum 
proelium navale commissum est contra Lilybaeum, 
promunturium Siciliae. In eo proelio septuaginta 
tres Cartliaginiensium naves captae, centum vlginti 
quinque demersae, triginta duo mllia hostium 8 capta, 
tredecim mllia occisa sunt. Statim Carthaginienses 
pacem petierunt, eisque pax tributa est. Captivi 
Eomanorum, qui tenebantur a Cartliaginiensibus, 
redditi sunt. Poeni Sicilia, 9 Sardinia, et ceteris 
insulis, quae inter Italiam Africamque jacent, deces- 
serunt, omnemque Hispaniam quae citra Hiberum 
est, Eomanis permlserunt. 



1 182. 

2 314. 

3 230. 



4 187, II, a. 


6 314. 


8 201. 


5 295, 1. 


7 227, 1. 


9 214. 



NOTES ON THE SELECTIONS FOR 
READING. 



235. ei: for her. pariebat : notice the imperfect tense, 
which is regularly used to denote a customary or repeated ac- 
tion, illani : this is the subject of celdre ; massam is the 
object. repperit : from reperio. nisi quod: except what; 
the antecedent of quod is id understood. minores : i.e. lesser 
riches ; understand divitids. 

236. pascebantur : used to graze. dissidio . . . ort5 : 
when discord arose or since discord arose, lit. discord having 
arisen. In rendering the ablative absolute, pains should be 
taken to translate it by an equivalent English idiom. quan- 
tum boni : how great advantage, lit. how much of good. 

237. Cui : indirect object of inquit. bourn : gen. plu. of 
bos. ista: your, lit. that, that of yours. quod: in that ; 
the clause quod pateris is explanatory of invidia. pateris : 
from patior. nee . . . nee : neither . . . nor. veils, pos- 
sis : these verbs are in the subjunctive by attraction. In Latin, 
a clause dependent upon a subjunctive is regularly attracted 
into the same mood ; § 324. 

238. Duo: two men. una: the adv., together. iter 
faciebant : were travelling, lit. were making a journey. nee : 
and . . . not. 

239. praetereunti : who was passing by ; pres. participle of 
praetereb. 

240. ille : i.e. the farmer. eum : the mouse. quod 
desperare debeat : that it ought to despair ; quod is the rela- 

126 



Notes on the Selections for Reading. 127 

tive ; clauses of result are sometimes introduced by relatives. 
modo . . . velit : provided it wishes; modo in this sense is 
regularly followed "by the subjunctive. 

241. qui. . . extrahat : to pull it out. Hoc: i.e. the 
removal of the bone. parva merces : this is the predicate 
nominative with videtur, the subject of videtur being the clause 
quod . . . extrdxisti, that you took your head out unharmed. 

242. inquiunt : 3d plu. of inquit ; its subject is hostes. 
hoc ipsum : this very thing. cum : though. 

243. Agricola senex : an old farmer. mortem sibi 
appropinquate : that death was approaching him, lit. death to 
approach himself. ut fieri solet : as is ivont to happen. 
noverat: knew; the perfect of nosed has the force of the 
present in the sense, / know, and the pluperfect similarly 
has the force of the imperfect. ut frangerent : to break. 
Observe that frangerent is in the imperfect, although hortatur 
is in the present. At first sight this seems to violate the prin- 
ciple for the sequence of tenses ; but hortatur is what is called 
an Historical Present, i.e. it really refers to the past ; and hence 
is treated as an historical tense. Quod cum facere non 
possent: and when they could not do this, lit. when they could 
not do which ; it is very common in Latin to introduce a sen- 
tence by a relative, where in English we should employ a de- 
monstrative or personal pronoun with a conj., — and he, but he, 
and this, but this, etc. fractis : i.e. by the sons. quam- 
que : and how ; que is the enclitic. 

244. quo modo . . . caverent : as to how they should guard 
against the cat. multis aliis propositis : when many other 
things had been proposed. posse : this infinitive depends 
upon the idea of thinking involved in placuit, etc. cum jam 
quaereretur, etc. : when it came to asking who would fasten, 
lit. when it was already asked, etc. ; qui is the interrogative ; 
this form (instead of quis) often occurs in indirect questions. 

245. sese : it, i.e. the tortoise. earn, rem : earn is subject 
of petere ; rem is the object. arreptam sustulit : snatched 
up and carried. 



128 Notes on the Selections for Beading, 

246. Prima : understand pars. ait : third sing, of pres. 
ind. of ajo. et : also. qui : its antecedent is the following 
is. inimicum : as an enemy. Quid facerent, etc. : what 
were the beasts to do f quae : which one f 

247. Saturnus : the god Saturn. Janiculo : the Janic- 
ulum was a hill on the right bank of the Tiber, directly 
opposite the seven hills on which Rome was built. 

248. Troja : the famous city in northwestern Asia Minor. 
The mythical date of its overthrow is 1184 b.c. Hinc : i.e. 
from Troy. pepercerat : from pared. el benigne re- 
cepto dedit : received him kindly and gave him, lit. gave to 
him having been kindly received. in matrimonium, in 
honorem : in marriage, in honor; the Latin says into. 

249. monte Albano : in Latium about twenty miles S.E. 
of Rome. Alba Longa : lit. the long ivhite (town) ; so called 
from the fact that its white buildings stretched for a long dis- 
tance over the ridge of the hill. genitus erat : from gignb. 
usque ad Romam conditam : up to the very founding of 
Borne, lit. even up to Borne founded. 

250. tonaret : impersonal. minor natu. : the younger, 
lit. the lesser as to birth. praecipitatus est: fell headlong. 
reliquisset : inasmuch as the preceding indirect question is 
indirect discourse, reliquisset is a subordinate clause in indi- 
rect discourse ; hence the subjunctive. 

251. Vestalem virginem : there were six Vestal virgins ; 
their duty was to watch the fire which was kept constantly 
burning on the hearth of Vesta's temple. a Marte : by (lit. 
from) Mars. peperit : from parib. 

252. ultra ripam, etc. : i.e. had overflowed its banks, lit. had 
poured itself beyond the bank. effuderat is from effundb. 
essent positi: = positi essent ; from pb no. in sicco : on 
dry land; siccb is used substantively. Quod: this, lit. 
which ; another illustration of the use of the relative pronoun, 
where in English we naturally employ the demonstrative. 
sustulit : from tollb. nutriendos : to be cared for. 



Notes on the Selections for Reading. 129 

253. transegerunt : from transigb. adolevissent : from 
adolesco. fratrem irridens : in ridicule of his brother, lit. 
ridiculing. 

254. populis : the pupil should bear in mind that this means 
tribes, not people in the ordinary English sense. ipsos : very. 
spectantes : as they were looking on. 

255. raptores : those who had seized (the maidens). 
quod : what (that vjhich) ; as antecedent, understand id, object 
of darent. et ea : those also, those too ; et is here an adverb. 

256. Forum Romanum : the Forum was situated on level 
ground surrounded by six of the seven hills of Rome. raptae : 
the (women who had been) seized. hinc . . . hinc : on the 
one side . . . on the other. 

257. discripsit: i.e. organized different political and social 
classes. cum . . . turn : not only . . . but also, lit. when 
. . . then (while . . . at the same time). ortam : from orior. 
oculis : from the eyes ; oculis is really dative ; verbs of taking 
away at times take the dative in the sense of from. alii . . . 
alii : some . . . others. 

258. interregnum : interregnum, i.e. a period between reigns. 
Curibus : this limits natus. quidem : to be sure; observe 
that quidem always lays stress upon the word immediately pre- 
ceding it (here bellum) ; frequently it is best to attempt no 
special translation of quidem, but to bring out its force in Eng- 
lish by the arrangement of words or by oral emphasis. 
gessit : from gerb. nee minus tamen profuit : and yet he 
was none the less of advantage. et . . . et : both . . . and. 
se nymphae, etc. : he said he did at the advice of the nymph 
Egeria, his ivife. 

259. praestiterat : from praesto. regnasset : = regna- 
visset ; § 116, 1. arsit : remember that drdeb is intransitive. 

260. nova el moenia circumdedit : surrounded it with new 
walls, lit. surrounded new walls to it. ad Tiberis ostia : 
Rome was some twenty miles from the mouth of the Tiber by 
the course of the river. obiit : died, lit. met (death). 



130 Notes on the Selections for Reading. 

262. pupillis : from his wards. minorum gentium : un- 
derstand senator es, i.e. senators of the lesser gentes (tribes). 
nee paucos agros : and not a few lands. hostibus : from 
the enemy ; dative. ademptos : from adimo. trium- 
phans : in a triumphal procession, lit. triumphing. Cloacas : 
several of the ancient Roman sewers still exist and are in use 
to-day. Capitolium : the magnificent temple on the summit 
of the Capitoline Hill. It was dedicated to Jupiter, Juno, and 
Minerva. per Anci filios : i.e. at their instigation ; they 
hired assassins to perform the deed. quibus : from whom; 
dative. 

264. grave quidem : serious, to be sure. eum petere : 
that he requested. dum convaluisset : until he should 
recover. 

265. in agris : in the country. jacens : (which was) 



266. Templum Jovis : the one begun by Tarquinius Priscus. 
ipsa : with her own hand. 

267. Hanc ob causam : when a noun is limited by an 
adjective or a pronoun, the preposition very often stands be- 
tween the two. in exitium : for the destruction. el : i.e. 
against him. 

268. si . . . esset : esset is in the subjunctive as the result 
of attraction to the subjunctive coerceret, insolentiores : 
too arrogant. expulsis regibus : after the expulsion of the 
kings. C oil atin o ; from Collatinus (dative). Placuerat : 
they had ordained, lit. it had pleased (them). in ejus locum : 
in his place. 

269. urbi : against the city. inter sese occiderunt : 
killed each other. Roman! . . . victores recesserunt : 
the Bomans retired as victors ; victores is the predicate nomina- 
tive, luxerunt : from lugeo. 

270. Horatius Cocles : read Macaulay's Horatius at the 
Bridge (Lays of Ancient Borne) for a spirited account of Ho- 
ratius's achievement. ad suos : to his friends. 



Notes on the Selections for Reading. 131 

271. eo consilio, etc. : with this design, viz. to kill the king ; 
the clause ut . . . occideret is in apposition with consilio. 
Ignibus allatis : by bringing in fires; alldtis is from affero. 
terreret : i.e. endeavored to frighten him. accensae : burn- 
ing, lit. kindled. consumpta esset : this loss of his right 
hand was the origin of the name Scaevola, 'the left-handed.' 
conjurasse : a shortened form for conjurdvisse ; § 116, 1. 
privatus : as a private citizen. 

272. post reges exactos : after the expulsion of the kings. 
trans Anienern : hardly more than three or four miles from 
the city. fabulam de ventre, etc. : according to the fable, 
the limbs of the body once rebelled and refused longer to 
furnish food for the stomach. Menenius pointed out that 
the governing class at Rome was really just as essential to 
the welfare of the state, as was the stomach to the welfare 
of the body. tribuni : at first two in number, later five, and 
ultimately ten. By their power of intercession they could 
protect plebeians from the unjust treatment of which the 
patrician magistrates were often guilty. 

273. quintum milriarium urbis : fifth milestone from the 
city. Quo facto : and ivhen this had been done. ut 
proditor : as a traitor. 

274. duce Fabio : under the leadership of Fabius. hos- 
tes : obj. of vicissent. dolo usi : having employed strategy. 
exorto : from exorior. Unus : one only. 

275. trecentesimo et altero : the three hundred and second. 
ab urbe condita : from the founding of the city. 

276. ludi litterarii: the two words together mean school, 
lit. a school for letters (reading and writing), as opposed, for 
example, to a gladiatorial school, where gladiators were trained. 
principum filios : as hostages. in castra hostium : i.e. of 
the Romans. manibus . . . vinctis : with his hands tied 
behind his back. quibus . . agerent : with which to drive. 
Camillo crimini . . . datum est : lit. it was set against Camil- 
lus for a charge, i.e. Camillus was accused. triumphasset : 
= triumphavisset. damnatus : understand est from expulsus est. 



132 m Notes on the Selections for Reading. 

277. Paulo post : post is here an adverb. Galli Senones : 
a tribe from northern Italy. ad Alliam : the A Ilia was a 
small river flowing into the Tiber about eleven miles from Rome. 
occuparunt : = occupaverunt. in eo, etc. : were on the point 
of purchasing , lit. were in this (viz.), that they should purchase ; 
ut . . . emerent explains eo. 

278. quarto milliario : at the fourth milestone; abl. of 
place, without the prep; § 228, 1, b. 

279. secum : = cum se; the preposition cum is always thus 
appended to the personal and reflexive pronouns. obtulit : 
from offero. armatus : in arms. ei supra dextrum, etc. : 
perched above his right arm, lit. above the right arm to him. 
Ita factum est : thus it happened. nullo negotio : with no 
difficulty, i.e. without difficulty . 

280. dictatoris : on occasions of great public danger, the 
Romans often appointed a dictator, who had absolute power. 
His period of office was limited to six months. Qui cum : 
when he. magister equitum : the master of the horse was 
appointed by the dictator and ranked next to him. nactus : 
from nanclscor. capitis damnatus est : ivas condemned to 
death, lit. of his head (i.e. of his life). 

281. post : adv. faciendum : i.e. faciendum esse. aut 
. . . aut : either . . . or. dimittendos : understand esse. 
sub jugum : in token of submission ; the yoke was made by 
setting two spears in the ground and laying a third across the 
top. 

282. poposcerunt : from posed. agerentur : subjunctive 
by attraction to renuntiarent. 

283. per noctem : by night. adversis vulneribus : with 
wounds in front. etiam mortuos : even in death. Ego 
cum talibus viris . . . subigam : this is equivalent to a condi- 
tional sentence of the second type, If I should have such soldiers, 
I shotild subdue. 



Notes on the Selections for Reading. 133 

284. perrexit: from per go. ad Praeneste : to the vicinity 
of Praeneste ; to say : to Praeneste, the accusative alone would 
have sufficed. milliario, etc. : at the eighteenth milestone; 
abl. of place, without the prep. exercitus : objective gen. 
depending upon terrore ; fear of the army. de captivis 
redimendis : ivith regard to ransoming the captives. si 
transiret : this is virtually a subordinate clause in indirect 
discourse, since promitteret is practically equivalent to said he 
would give him. 

285. admiratione teneretur : in English, we say : to be 
filled with admiration. ea condicione : explained by the 
following «£-clause. nisi recessisset : unless he should 
withdraw. 

286. interjecto anno : after the lapse of a year, lit. a year 
having been put between. " Ille est Fabricius qui " : Fabri- 
cius is one who. a Tarento : from the vicinity of Tarentum ; 
to say : from Tarentum, the ablative alone would have sufficed. 
ad Argos : near Argi (Argos). 

287. trajecerunt : here intransitive, — crossed over. 

288. Paucis aimis interjectis : after the lapse of a few 
years. in fidem : into allegiance. Quam cum, etc. : 
ivhen Begulus was unwilling to grant this. nisi durissimis 
condicionibus : except on very hard terms. captus : for 
captus est. 

289. desiisse : from desino. ne . . . facerent : not to 

make. illos . . . habere : indirect discourse dependent on 

the idea of saying involved in suasit. tanti noil esse : that 
it was not worth while, lit. of so great account ; tanti is a pred- 
icate genitive of quality, with some such word as pret'i {of 
value) understood. ut . . . redderentur : this substantive 

clause of result is the logical subject of esse. 

290. captae, demersae, capta : understand sunt with 
these. 



GENERAL LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABU- 
LARY. 



Note. — Of the sixteen hundred words in this Vocabulary, only 
about 750 are employed in the Lessons of the body of the book. 
The remainder occur in the Reading Selections, the Fables, and 
the Roman History. Regular verbs of the first conjugation 
are indicated by the numeral 1 following the present indicative. 



A., abbreviation for Aulus, 

Aldus. 
a, ab, prep.w. abl., from ; by ; of. 
abeo, ire, ii, iturus, go away; 

of time, pass. 
abicio, ere, jeci, jectus, throw 

away, cast. 
absens (pres. participle of ab- 

sum), entis, absent. 
abstineo, ere, tinui, abstain 

from. 
absum, esse, afui, afuturus, be 

absent, be distant (§ 125). 
ac (atque), and, and also; ac 

is not used before vowels. 
Acca Larentia, ae, f., Ace a La- 

rentia, a woman's name. 
accedo, ere, cessi, cessurus, 

draw near. 
accendo, ere, cendi, census, 

kindle. 
accido, ere, idi, happen. 



adjaceo 

accingo, ere, Inxi, inctus, gird. 
accipio, ere, epi, eptus, receive. 
accurro, ere, cucurri, cursum, 

run to, ran up ; hasten. 
accuso, 1, accuse. 
acer, acris, acre, sharp, vigor- 
ous, keen, severe. 
acerbus, a, um, unripe, sour. 
acies, el, f., line of battle. 
acriter, sharply, fiercely. 
ad, prep. w. ace, to, tovmrds ; 

for (denoting purpose) ; near. 
addo, ere, idi, itus, add. 
addiico, ere, duxi, ductus, lead 

on, impel. 
adeo, ire, ii, iturus, approach, 

go to, visit. 
adimo, ere, emi, emptus, take 

away. 
aditus, us, m., approach. 
adjaceo, ere, ui, iturus, lie near^ 

be situated near. 



135 



adjungo 



136 



altus 



adjungo, ere, junxi, junctus, 
join to ; annex. 

adjuvo, are, juvi, jiitus, help. 

administro, I, perform. 

admiratio, onis, 1, admiration. 

admiror, ari, atus sum, ad- 
mire. 

admodum, quite, very much. 

admoneo, ere, ui, itus, remind, 
warn. 

adolesc5, ere, levi, grow up. 

adorior, in, ortus sum, attack. 

adsum, adesse, adfui, be pres- 
ent, be at hand (§ 125). 

adulescens, centis, in., young 
man. 

adveni5, ire, veni, ventum, ar- 
rive. 

adventus, us, m., arrival. 

adversarius, ii, m., adversary. 

adversum, adversus, prep. w. 
ace, against. 

adversus, a, urn, adverse; in 
front (of wounds). 

advesperasc5, ere, to groiv 
dark. 

aedificium, l (ii), n., building. 

aedifico, 1, build. 

Aeneas, ae, m., Aeneas, a man's 
name (§ 22). 

aequalis, is, c, mate. 

aequalis, e, equal. 

aequitas, tatis, f., justice. 

aequus, qua, quum, level. 

aer, aeris, m., air. 

aestas, tatis, f., summer. 

aetas, tatis, f., age, time of 
life. 

affero, ferre, attuli, allatus, 

_ bring (§ 129). 

Africa, ae, 1, Africa. 



ager, agri, m., field, land. 
agger, eris, m., embankment, 

rampart. 
agmen, minis, n., army {on the 

march), column. 
agnus, i, m., lamb. 
ago, ere, egi, actus, do ; drive; 

spend. 
agricola, ae, m., farmer. 
agricultura, ae, f., agriculture. 
Agrippa, ae, in., Agrippa, a 

man's name. 
ajo, defective (§ 135), sa^;pres. 

and perf. 3d sing. ait. 
ala, ae, f., wing. 
alacer, cris, ere, eager. 
Alba Longa, Albae Longae, f., 

Alba Longa, name of a town. 
Albanus, a, um, Alban. 
albus, a, um, ichite. 
alienus, a, um, unfavorable. 
aliquando, once upon a time; 

formerly. 
aliqui, aliqua, aliquod, adj., 

some (§ 91). 
aliquis, aliquid, some one, some- 
thing (§91). 
aliquot, indecl., several, some. 
alius, a, ud, other, another, 

else (§ 66). 
Allia, ae, f., Allia, a river, 
alligo, 1, bind, fasten. 
Allobroges, um, the Allobroges, 

a Gallic tribe, 
alloquor, loqui, locutus sum, 

address, speak to. 
alo, ere, alui, altus, nourish. 
alter, era, erum, the other ; sec- 
ond (§ 66). 
altitudo, inis, f., height ; depth. 
altus, a, um, high; deep; as 



amice 



137 



armilla 



noun, altum, i, n., the deep 
(sea). 

amice, adv., in a friendly man- 
ner. 

amicitia, ae, f., friendship. 

amicus, a, um, friendly. 

amicus, I, m., friend. 

amitto, ere, misi, missus, lose. 

amnis, is, m., river. 

amo, 1, love. 

amplio, 1, enlarge. 

amplius, adv., more. 

amplus, a, um, ample, glori- 
ous. 

Amulius, i (ii), m., Amulius, a 
man's name. 

an, interrog. particle, or, 
whether. 

Anchlses, ae, m., Anchises, a 
man's name (§ 22). 

ancora, ae, 1, anchor. 

Ancus Marcius, gen. Anci Marci 
(ii), m., Ancus Martins, 
fourth king of Rome. 

angustiae, arum, f. pi., a nar- 
row j>ctss. 

angustus, a, um, narrow. 

animadverto, ere, verti, versus, 
notice. 

animal, malis, n., animal. 

animus, i, m., mind, soul; 
courage, heart. 

Anio, Anienis, m., Anio, name 
of a river. 

annecto, ere, nexui, nexus, tie 
to. 

annus, i, m., year. 

annuus, a, um, for one year. 

ante, prep. w. ace, before, in 
front of; adv., before, ago. 

antea, previously, before. 



antecedo, ere, cessi, cessfvrus, 

precede. 
antequam, conj., before. 
antiquus, a, um, ancient. 
anulus, i, m., ring. 
anus, us, f., old woman. 
apertus, a, um, open. 
apparatus, us, m., luxury. 
appareo, ere, ui, appear. 
appello, 1, name, call. 
appeto, ere, ivi, or ii, itus, seek, 

try to get. 
Appius, i (ii), m., Appius, a 

man's name. 
appropinquo, 1, approach. 
Aprilis, e, adj., of April. 
apud, prep. w. ace, among, at, 

with, at the home of. 
aqua, ae, f., water. 
aquila, ae, f.. eagle. 
Aquitania, ae, f., Aquitania, a 

district of Gaul. 
ara, ae, f., altar. 
arbitror, trari, tratus sum, con- 
sider. 
arbor, oris, f., tree. 
arceo, ere, ui, keep off; keep 

away. 
arcesso, ere, ivi, itus, summon. 
Ardea, ae, f., Ardea, a Latin 

town. 
ardeo, ere, arsi, arsurus. burn. 
area, ae, 1, courtyard. 
argentum, i, n., silver. 
Argi, orum, m., Argos, name 

of a town. 
Ariovistus, i, m., Ariovistus. 
arma, orum, n. pi., arms. 
armatura, ae, f., equipment. 
armatus, a, um, armed. 
armilla, ae, f., bracelet. 



armo 



138 



bos 



armo, 1, arm. 

arripio, ere, ui, eptus, seize. 

arrogo, 1, lay claim to. 

Arruns, runtis, in., Arruns, 
a man's name. 

arx, arcis, f., citadel. 

Ascanius, I (ii), m., Ascanias, 
son of Aeneas. 

Asia, ae, f., Asia. 

Asina, ae, m., Asina, & man's 
name. 

asinus, l, m., ass. 

assentator, oris, m., flatterer. 

asylum, i, n., place of refuge. 

at, but. 

Athenae, arum, f. pi., Athens. 

Athenodorus, i, m., Athenodo- 
rus, a man's name. 

Atilius, I (ii), Atilius, a man's 
name. 

atque, and, and also ; see ac. 

Atticus, I, m., Atticus, a friend 
of Cicero. 

attuli, perf. of affero. 

auctoritas, tatis, f., authority, 
influence. 

audacter, courageously, brave- 
ly- 

audax, gen. audacis, coura- 
geous. 

audeo, ere, ausus sum, semi- 
dep., dare. 

audio, ire, ivi, ltus, hear. 

aufugio, ere, fugi, fugiturus, 
flee. 

augeo, ere, auxi, auctus, in- 
crease (tr.). 

Aulus, I, m., Aulus, a man's 
name. 

aureus, a, um, golden. 

auriga, ae, m., charioteer. 



aurum, I, n., gold. 

aut, or; aut . . . aut, either 

. . . or. 

autem, however ; but. 

autumnus, I., m., autumn. 

auxilium, I (ii), n., aid, help ; 
in pi. auxilia, orum, n., aux- 
iliary troops, auxiliaries. 

Avaricum, i, n., Avaricum. 

Aventinus, i, Aventine, a hill 
of Rome. 

averto, ere, ti, versus, avert, 
turn aside. 

avicula, ae, f., small bird. 

avus, l, m., grandfather. 

Bacenis, is, f., Bacenis, a forest 

in Germany. 
barba, ae, f., beard. 
barbarus, i, m., a barbarian; 

adj., us, a, um, barbarian. 
beatus, a, um, happy. 
Belgae, arum, m. pi., Belgians, 

a Gallic tribe, 
bellicosus, a, um, warlike. 
bello, 1, make war, carry on 

war. 
bellum, i, n., war. 
bene, adv., well (§ 77). 
beneficium, i (ii), n., a kindness. 
benigne, kindly, graciously. 
bestia, ae, f., beast. 
Bibulus, i, m., Bibulus, a 

man's name, 
biduum, i, n., two days. 
Boji, orum, m. pi., the Boji, an 

ancient tribe. 
bonus, a, um, good; in pi. bona, 

orum, n., property (§ 236, 1). 
bos, bovis, m., ox; gen. pi. 

bourn (§ 41). 



bracchium 



139 



Cineas 



bracchium, I (ii), n., arm. 
brevis, e, short, brief; brevi, 

within a short time. 
Britannia, ae, 1, Britain. 
Brutus, i, m., Brutus, a man's 

name. 

C, abbreviation for Gaius, 
Gains. 

cado, ere, cecidi, casurus, fall. 

caedes, is, f., slaughter. 

caedo, ere, cecidi, caesus, cut, 
slay, kill. 

caelum, i, n., heaven. 

Caesar, aris, m., Caesar. 

calamitas, tatis, f., calamity. 

Camillus, i, m., Camillas, a 
man's name. 

Campania, ae, 1, Campania. 

canis, is, c, dog. 

capesso, ere, ivi, itus, take; 
fugam capessere,^ee. 

capio, capere, cepi, captus, 
take ; adopt ; capture. 

Capitolium, i (ii), n. , the Cap- 
itol. 

capra, ae, f . , she-goat. 

captiva, ae, f., captive. 

captivus, i, m., captive, pris- 
oner. 

caput, itis, n., head. 

career, eris, m., prison. 

carpentum, i, n., chariot. 

carpo, ere, psi, ptus, pluck; 
enjoy. 

Carthaginiensis, e, Carthagin- 
ian ; Carthaginienses, ium, 
m. , Carthaginia ns. 

cams, a, um, dear. 

cassita, ae, f., lark. 

castellum, I, n., fort. 



castra, orum, n. pi., a camp. 

casus, us, m., chance, fortune; 
misfortune. 

catena, ae, f., chain. 

Catilina, ae, m., Catiline. 

Cato, onis, m., Cato, a man's 
name. 

Catulus, i, m., Catulus, a man's 
name. 

causa, ae, i, cause, reason, 
condition; causa, abl., for 
the sake of; the dependent 
genitive precedes causa. 

caute, cautiously, comp. cau- 
tius. 

caveo, ere, cavi, cauturus, be 
on one's guard. 

cedo, ere, cessi, cessurus, yield, 
ivitlidraio. 

celer, eris, e, swift. 

celeritas, tatis, 1, speed. 

celeriter, quickly. 

celo, 1, conceal. 

census, us, m., census. 

centum, hundred, indecl. 

centuri5, onis, m., centurion. 

cerno, ere, perceive. 

certamen, inis, n., contest. 

certe, certainly ; at any rate. 

certus, a, um, sure ; comp. 
certior in phrase certior fieri, 
be informed; certiorem fa- 
cere, inform. 

cessator, oris, m., loiterer. 

ceteri, ae, a, the rest; the 
others. 

cibus, i, m., food. 

Cicero, onis, m., Cicero, the 
Roman orator. 

Cineas, ae, m., Cineas, a man's 
name (§ 22). 



circiter 



140 



communis 



circiter, adv., about. 

circumaro, 1, plough around. 

circumdo, dare, dedi, datus, 
surround, place around. 

circumeo, ire, ii, itus, go 
around, surround (§ 132). 

circumvenio, ire, veni, ventus, 
surround. 

citerior, ius, conip. adj., nearer ; 
hither (§ 73, 1). 

citra, prep. w. ace, this side of. 

civis, is, c, citizen, fellow- 
citizen. 

civitas, talis, f., state. 

clam, secretly. 

clamor, oris, m., shout, shout- 
ing. 

clarus, a, um, clear, loud; dis- 
tinguished. 

classis, classis, f . , fleet. 

Claudius, i (ii), m., Claudius, 
a man's name. 

claudo, ere, clausi, clausus, 
shut, close. 

claustrum, i, n., fastening. 

Clemens, gen. entis, merciful. 

clipeus, i, m., shield. 

cloaca, ae, 1, sewer. 

Cn., abbreviation of Gnaeus, 
Gnaeus, a man's name. 

Codes, itis, m., Codes, a man's 
name. 

coepi, coepisse, began, have 
begun (§ 133). 

coerceo, ere, ui, itus, hold in 
check, confine. 

cogito, 1, think. 

cognomen, inis, n., name, sur- 
name. 

cognosco, ere, novi, nitus, 
learn. 



cogo, ere, coegi, coactus, force, 
compel ; collect. 

cohibeo, ere, ui, itus, check, 
restrain. 

cohors, cohortis, f., cohort (di- 
vision of a legion) . 

Collatinus, i, m., Collatinus, a 
man's name. 

collatus, perf. pass. ptc. of 
confero. 

collega, ae, m., colleague. 

collis, is, m., hill. 

colloco, 1, place, arrange, sta- 
tion. 

colloquium, i (ii), n., confer- 
ence. 

colloquor, i, locutus sum, con- 
fer. 

collum, i, n., neck. 

colonia, ae, f., colony. 

comburo, ere, ussi, ustus, to 
burn up, consume. 

Comitium, i (ii),n., Comitium, 
a place of public assembly at 
Eome. 

commeatus, us, m., supplies. 

commemoro, 1, recount. 

comminuo, ere, ui, utus, dash 
to pieces. 

committo, ere, misi, missus, 
bring together; with proe- 
lium or pugnam, to join 
battle. 

commoror, ari, atus sum, delay, 
sojourn. 

commoveo, ere, movi, motus, 
move, touch, stir up, excite; 
induce. 

communio, ire, ii, itus, strongly 
fortify. 

communis, e, common. 



commutatio 



141 



contineo 



commutatiS, onis, f., change. 

comparo, 1, get ready. 

compello, ere, puli, pulsus, 
force. 

comperio, ire, peri, pertus, ./M 
out. 

complector, 1, plexus sum, em- 
brace. 

compleo, ere, plevi, pletus, fill 
up. 

complures, plura, gen. ium, 
very many. 

comprehendo, ere, endi, ensus, 
arrest. 

concedo, ere, cessi, cessiirus, 
grant. 

concilio, 1, reconcile, win over. 

concilium, i (ii), n., council. 

concordia, ae, i, harmony. 

concurro, ere, i, cursum, run 
together. 

concursus, us, m., a running 
together, concourse. 

condicio, onis, f., condition, 
terms. 

condo, ere, didi, ditus, found, 
build; hide, conceal. 

condiico, ere, duxi, ductus, hire. 

confero, ferre, toll, collatus, 
bring together ; se conferre, 
betake one's self (§ 129). 

conficio, ere, feci, fectus, ex- 
haust. 

confido, ere, fisus sum, trust, 
semi-clep. (§ 187, II, a). 

confirmo, 1, encourage; estab- 
lish, confirm. 

confugio, ere. fugi, fugitiirus, 
flee for refuge. 

conicio,. ere, jeci, jectus, hurl ; 
cast ; put. 



conjungo, ere, junxi, junctus, 

unite. 
conjunx, jugis, c, husband; 

ivife. 
conjuratio, onis, L, conspiracy. 
conjiiro, 1, conspire. 
Conon, onis, m., Conon. 
conor, ari, atus sum, endeavor, 

attempt. 
consector, ari, atus sum, folloiv 

up. 
consenesco, ere, senui, grow old. 
consequor, i, secutus sum, ac- 
quire. 
consero, ere, ui, tus, join. 
conservo, 1, preserve, keep. 
consido, ere, edi, essus, settle. 
consilium, i (ii), n., plan; 

council; advice. 
consisto, ere, stiti, consist. 
conspectus, us, m., view, sight. 
conspicio, ere, spexi, spectus, 

see. 
conspicor, ari, atus sum, catch 

sight of, observe. 
constantia, ae, i., perseverance. 
constat, impers., it is evident 

(§ 138). 
constituo, ere, ui, utus, decide, 

determine. 
consul, ulis, m., consul. 
consulatus, us, m., consulship. 
consumo, ere, sumpsi, siimp- 

tus, use up, consume. 
contemno, ere, tempsi, temp- 

tus, despise. 
contendo, ere, tendi, tentum, 

hurry, hasten; contend. 
contentus, a, um, contented. 
contineo, ere, ui, confine, hold 

in check. 



contra 



142 



debeo 



contra, prep. w. ace, against, 

opposite. 
contrarius, a, urn, contrary to, 

opposite. 
controversia, ae, f., controversy. 
contumelia, ae, 1, insult. 
convalesco, ere, valui, recover, 

regain strength. 
convenio, ire, veni, ventum, 

come together, assemble. 
convoco, 1, call together. 
copia, ae, f., plenty; in pi. 

copiae, arum, troops, forces. 
Corinthus, I, f., Corinth, a city 

of Greece. 
Coriolanus, I, m., Coriolanus, a 

man's name. 
Corioli, drum, m., Corioli, a 

Latin town. 
Cornelius, l (ii), Cornelius, a 

man's name. 
cornu, us, n., horn ; in military 

sense, wing of an army. 
corona, ae, f., garland. 
corpus, oris, n., body. 
corrumpo, ere, rupi, ruptus, 

ruin ; bribe. 
Corvinus, i, m., Corvinus, a 

man's name, 
corvus, I, m., raven. 
cottidie, every day, daily. 
eras, to-morrow. 
Crassus, i, m., Crassus, a man's 

name, 
creber, bra, brum, frequent, 

numerous. 
credo, ere, didi, ditum, believe 

(§ 187, II, a). 
Cremera, ae, i, Cremera, a 

river in Etruria. 
creo, 1, make, beget; elect. 



crimen, inis, n., charge, accu- 
sation. 
crudelis, e, cruel. 
culpo, 1, blame. 

1. cum, prep. w. abl., with. 

2. cum, conj., when; ivhere- 
upon ; because, since; though; 
cum . . . turn, not only . . . 
but also (§ 341, 3). 

cunctatio, onis, f., delay. 

cupiditas, tatis, f ., desire, eager- 
ness. 

cupidus, a, um, fond, eager. 

cur, lohy ? 

Cures, ium, f., Cures, a Sabine 
town. 

curia, ae, f., %<oard. 

Curiatius, i (ii); m., pi., Curi- 
atii, orum, m. , Curiatii, an 
Alban family. 

Curius, i (ii), m. , Curius, con- 
sul 290 b.c. 

euro, 1, care for, take care of. 

Cursor, oris, m., Cursor, sl man's 
name. 

cursus, us, m. , course, speed. 

custodia, ae, f., guard, a guard, 
custody. 

damno, 1, condemn; capitis 
damnare, condemn to death. 

Damocles, is, m., Damocles, a 
Syracusan. 

Danuvius, 1 (ii),m., the Daiiube. 

Darius, ii, Darius, king of 
Persia. 

de, prep. w. abl., concerning ; 
of , from, down from. 

debeo, debere, debui, debitus, 
owe ; with another verb, 
ought ; pass., to be due. 



debilito 



143 



difficulter 



debilit5, 1, weaken. 

decedo, ere, cessi, cessurus, 

withdraw; die. 
decern, indecl., ten. 
decemviri, orum, m., decemvirs, 

a board of ten men. 
decerno, cernere, crevi, cretus, 

decree; decide (by combat), 

fight. 
decimus, a, urn, tenth. 
declaro, 1, make clear, show. 
decurro, ere, curri, cursurus, 

run down ; rush, hasten. 
deditio, onis, f., surrender. 
dedo, ere, didi, deditus, give 

up, surrender. 
deduco, ere, duxi, ductus, lead 

away. 
defectio, onis, 1, revolt. 
defendo, ere, fendi, fensus, de- 
fend. 
defensio, onis, f., defence. 
deflects, ere, flexi, flexum, turn 

aside. 
deinde, then, afterwards. 
delabor, i, lapsus sum, sink 

down. 
delatus, perf. pass, participle 

of defero. 
delecto, 1, delight. 
deled, ere, evi, etus, destroy. 
delibero, 1, deliberate, con- 
sult. 
deligo, ere, legi, lectus, choose. 
delphinus, i, m., dolphin. 
Demaratus, I, m., Demaratus, 

a man's name. 
demergo, ere, mersi, mersus, 

sink. 
demeto, ere, messui, messus, 

reap. 



demitto, ere, misi, missus, let 
fall. 

denarius, i (ii), m., denarius, a 
Roman coin worth about 
eighteen cents. 

denique, finally. 

dens, dentis, m., tooth. 

denuo, again. 

depopulor, ari, atus sum, lay 
waste. 

deprehendo, dere, di, hensus, 
catch. 

derideo, ere, risi, risus, laugh 
to scorn. 

desero, ere, serui, sertus, aban- 
don, desert. 

desino, ere, sii, situm, cease. 

desisto, ere, stiti, cease. 

despero, 1, despair, despair of. 

despicio, ere, spexi, spectus, 
despise. 

desum, deesse, defui, defuturus, 
be wanting, fail £§ 125). 

detraho, ere, traxi, tractus, 
snatch away. 

detrimentum, i, n^ loss, dam- 
age, harm. 

deus, i, m., god. 

devinco, ere, vici, victus, con- 
quer. 

dexter, tra, trum, right; as 
subst. (sc. manus), right hand. 

dico, ere, dixi, dictus, say; 
utter; appoint; call. 

dictator, oris, m., dictator. 

dies, ei, m. or f., day. 

differo, ferre, distuli, dilatus, 
differ (§ 129). 

difficilis, e, difficult. 

difficulter, adv., from adj. diffi- 
cilis, with difficulty. 



digitus 



144 



egredior 



digitus, l, m., finger. 

dignitas, tatis, f., dignity. 

dignus, a, um, worthy. 

diligentia, ae, f., diligence. 

dimico, 1, contend. 

dimitto, ere, misi, missus, let 
go, dismiss, disband. 

Dionysius, i (ii), m., Dionysius, 
a tyrant of Syracuse. 

diripio, ere, ripui, rectus, plun- 
der. 

diruo, ere, rui, rutus, tear down, 
destroy. 

discedo, ere, cessi, cessurus, 
depart, withdraw. 

disciplina, ae, f., discipline. 

discordia, ae, f., strife, dis- 
cord. 

discordo, 1, be at variance, 
quarrel. 

discribo, ere, scrips!, scriptus, 
mark out ; divide into classes. 

dispono, ere, posui, positus, 
distribute. 

dissensio, onis, f., disagree- 
ment. 

dissidium, i (ii),n., dissension. 

distribuo, ere, ui, utus, distrib- 
ute. 

diu, adv., a long time. 

diuturnitas, tatis, 1, long dura- 
tion. 

divido, ere, isi, isus, divide. 

divinus, a, um, sacred. 

divitiae, arum, f. p]., riches. 

do, dare, dedi, datus, give, ren- 
der ; put, set. 

doceo, ere, ui, doctus, teach; 
inform of. 

dolor, oris, m., grief. 

dolus, i, m., deceit, cunning. 



dominatio, 5nis, f., rule, tyr- 
anny. 

dominus, i, m., master. 

Domitius, I (ii), m., Domitius, 
a man's name. 

domo, are, ui, itus, subdue. 

domus, us, f., house, home 
(§ 49, 4). 

donee, until. 

dono, I, present. 

donum, i, n. , gift. 

dubito, 1, doubt, be in doubt; 
hesitate, waver. 

ducenti, ae, a, two hundred. 

duco, ere, duxi, ductus, lead. 

Duilius, i (ii), m., Duilius, a 
man's name. 

dum, while; as long as; until. 

Dumnorix, rigis, m. , Dumnorix, 
a chief of the Haedui. 

duo, duae, duo, two (§ 80, 1). 

duodecim, indecL, twelve. 

durus, a, um, hard, severe. 

dux, ducis, m., leader. 

e, ex, prep. w. abl., out of, of, 
from; e is not used before 
vowels or h. 

ediico, ere, duxi, ductus, lead 
forth. 

efficio, ere, feci, fectus, make, 
render ; do, bring about. 

effodio, ere, fodi, f ossus, dig up. 

effugio, ere, fugi, fugiturus, es- 
cape. 

effundo,ere, fudi, f usus, pour out. 

Egeria, ae, f., Egeria, name of 
a nymph. 

ego, mei, /. 

egredior, gredi, gressus sum, 
march out. 



egregius 



145 



exstinguo 



egregius, a, urn, excellent, es- 
pecial. 

eicio, ere, jeci, jectus, thrust 
out ; se eicere, rush forth. 

ejus modi, of that kind (§ 203, 

1). 
elabor, labi, lapsus sum, glide 

away, escape; elapse. 
elatus, perf. partic. of effero. 
elephantus, I, m., elephant. 
emo, ere, emi, emptus, buy. 
enim, for ; cannot begin a sen- 
tence. 
eo, adv., thither, to that place. 
eo, ire, ivi (ii), itum, go 

(§ 132). 
eodem, to the same place. < 
Epaminondas, ae, m., Epami- 

nondas, a Theban (§ 22). 
Epirus, I, f., Epirus. 
epulae, arum, f . pi., feast. 
eques, itis, m., horseman; in 

pi., horsemen, cavalry. 
equester, tris, tre, equestrian. 
equinus, a, um, of horses; 

seta equina, horse-hair. 
equitatus, us, m., cavalry. 
equus, I, m., horse. 
erga, prep. w. ace, toward. 
ergo, therefore. 
eripio, ere, ui, eptus, snatch 

away, take aivay. 
erro, 1, err, be mistaken. 
erupt id, onis, f., sally. 
et, and; et . . . et, both . . . 

and; as adv., also, even. 
etiam, also ; even. 
Etruria, ae, f., Etruria. 
Etruscus, a, um, Etruscan; as 

subs., an Etruscan. 
etsi, although. 



evell5, ere, velli, vulsus, pull 

out. 
everto, ere, ti, sus, overturn, 

destroy. 
ex, prep. w. abl., see e. 
excedo, ere, cessi, cessurus, 

leave, depart from. 
excito, 1, stir up, arouse. 
exeo, ire, ii, itum, go forth, go 

out (§ 132). 
exerceo, ere, ui, itus, exercise; 

practice. 
exercitus, us, m., army. 
exhaurio, ire, hausi, haustus, 

drain ; impoverish. 
exigo, ere, egi, actus, drive out, 

banish. 
exiguus, a, um, small, short. 
eximius, a, um, extraordinary. 
existimo, 1, think, consider. 
exitium, i (ii), n., destruc- 
tion. 
exitus, us, m., exit, passage. 
exorior, oriri, ortus sum, arise. 
expedio, ire, ivi, itus, extricate. 
expeditus, a, um, unencum- 
bered, light-armed; easy. 
expello, ere, puli, pulsus, drive 

out, banish. 
experior, iri, pertus sum, try, 

test. 
explorator, oris, m., scout. 
exploro, 1, explore, examine. 
expugno, 1, take by storm. 
exquisitus, a, um, elaborate. 
exsilium, i (ii), n., exile. 
exsisto, ere, stiti, arise. 
exspecto, 1, expect, await. 
exstinguo, ere, stinxi, stinctus, 

destroy ; in pass., be put to 

death, die. 



extra 



146 



focus 



extra, prep. w. ace, outside, 
beyond. 

extraho, ere, traxi, tractus, ex- 
tract, draw forth. 

extremus, a, um, extreme, outer- 
most ; end of (§ 73, 2). 

Fabius, I (ii), m., Fabius, a 

man's name ; Fabii, 5rum, 

m. pi., Fabii, a Roman gens. 
Fabricius, I (ii), m., Fabricius. 
tabula, ae, f., fable. 
facile, easily. 
facilis, e, easy. 

f acinus, inoris, n., crime, deed. 
facio, ere, feci, factus, make, 

do, pass, irreg. (§ 131). 
factio, onis, f ., faction. 
facultas, tatis, f., supply ; pi., 

means, resources. 
Falerii, or urn, m., Falerii, a 

city. 
Falisci, orum, m., Faliscans, 

inhabitants of Falerii. 
falx, falcis, f., sickle. 
fama, ae, f.. reputation, report. 
fames, is, f., hunger ; abl. sing. 

irreg. fame, 
familiaritas, tatis, f., intimacy. 
familia, ae, f., household, 

family. 
famula, ae, f., servant; slave. 
fascis, is, m., bundle. 
latum, i, n. , fate. 
fauces, ium, f. pi., throat, jaws. 
Faustulus, i, m., Faustulus, a 

man's name. 
faveo, ere, favi, fauturus, 

favor. 
favor, oris, m., favor, good 

will. 



teles, is, f., cat. 

feliciter, successfully. 

felix, gen. felicis, fortunate, 



femina, ae, f., woman. 

fera, ae, 1, wild beast. 

ferax, gen. feracis, fertile. 

fere, almost, about, practically, 
generally. 

fero, ferre, tuli, latus, bear, 
carry, bring; lift, raise; 
lend (of help); say (§ 129). 

ferrum, i, n., iron; sword. 

ferveo, ere, bui, grow hot. 

festum, i, n., festival. 

fides, el, 1, fidelity, loyalty, 
protection ; confidence, al- 
legiance. 

fido, ere, fisus sum, semi-dep., 
trust (§ 187, II, a). 

fiducia, ae, f., confidence. 

f ilia, ae,f., daughter (§ 21,2, e). 

filius, i (ii), m., son. 

finio, ire, ivi, itus, finish, ter- 
minate. 

finis, is, m., end, boundary; 
in pi., territory. 

finitimus, a, um, neighboring. 

fio, fieri, factus sum, become, 
be made ; occur, happen ; 
pass, of faci5 (§ 131). 

firmiter (firmius, firmissime), 
firmly. 

firmus, a, um, firm, strong. 

flagito, 1, demand. 

flamma, ae, i., flame, fire. 

flecto, ere, xi, xus, bend, induce. 

fletus, us, m., weeping. 

flumen, inis, n., river. 

fluvius, i (ii), m., river. 

focus, i, m., hearth. 



foedus 



147 



Hannibal 



foedus, eris, n., treaty. 

fore, fut. inhn. of sum (p. 57, 

footnote 3). 
forte, by chance. 
fortis, e, brave. 
fortiter, bravely. 
fortuna, ae, f., fortune ; pi. 

fortiinae, arum, f., fortune 

(possessions) . 
fortunatus, a, um, lucky. 
forum, I, n., forum; market- 
place. 
fossa, ae, f., ditch, trench. 
frango, ere, fregi, fractus, 

break. 
frater, tris, m., brother. 
frumentum, l, n., grain. 
fruor, I, enjoy (§218, 1). 
frustra, adv., in vain. 
fuga, ae, f., flight. 
fugio, ere, tugi, fugiturus, flee, 

escape from. 
fugo, 1, put to flight. 
fulmen, inis, n., thunderbolt. 
funditor, oris, m., sling er. 
fundo, ere, fudi, fusus, pour, 

pour out ; of troops, to rout. 
furcula, ae, f., fork; Furculae 

Caudinae, Caudine Forks. 
Furius, i (ii), m., Furius, a 

man's name, 
furtum, i, n., theft. 
futiirus, a, um, future participle 

of sum. 

Gaius, I, m., Gaius, a man's 
name. (Abbreviated C.) 

Galba, ae, m., Galba, a man's 
name. 

Gallia, ae, f., Gaul. 

gallina, ae, f., hen. 



Gallus, i, m., a Gaul. 

gemini, orum, m. pi. , twins. 

gener, eri, in., son-in-law. 

Geneva, ae, f., Geneva, a town 
of the Allobroges. 

gens, gentis, f., tribe ; gens 
(division of the Eoman peo- 
ple). 

genus, eris, n., race, stock, 
family ; kind. 

German!, orum, m. pi., Ger- 
mans. 

gero, ere, gessi, gestus, carry, 
wear, wage, perform; of an 
office , hold* 

gigno, ere, genui, genitus, be- 
get, bring forth ; pass., be 
born. 

gladius, i (ii), m., sword. 

Gnaeus, i, m., Gnaeus, a man's 
name. (Abbreviated Cn.) 

gradus, us, m., step. 

Graecia, ae, f., Greece. 

Graecus, i, m., a Greek. 

gratia, ae, f., influence. 

gratus, a, um, pleasing, wel- 
come, grateful. 

gravis, e, heavy, difficult; se- 
vere, serious. 

grus, gruis, f., crane. 

habeo, ere, habui, habitus, 

have, possess, hold. 
habito, 1. dwell. 
Haedui, orum, m., Haedui, a 

Gallic tribe. 
haedus, i, m., kid. 
Hamilcar, caris, m., Hamilcar, 

a man's name. 
Hannibal, balis, m., Hannibal, 

a man's name. 



hasta 



148 



incendo 



hasta, ae, f., spear. 

haud, not. 

Helvetii, orum, in., Helvetii, a 

Gallic tribe. 
Herennius, I (ii), m., Heren- 

nius, a man's name. 
hiberna, orum, n. pi., winter 

quarters. 
Hiberus, I, m., the Hiberus 

(modern Euro), a river in 

Spain. 

1. hie, haec, hoc, pron., this. 

2. hie, adv., here, at this place. 
hiemo, 1, pass the winter. 
hiems, is, f., winter. 

Hiero, onis, m., Hiero, ruler of 
Syracuse. 

hinc, hence ; hinc . . . hinc, on 
this side . . . on that side. 

Hispania, ae, f., Spain. 

homo, minis, c, man. 

honestas, tatis, f., integrity. 

honor, oris, m., honor. 

honorifice, honorably, with re- 
spect. 

hora, ae, f., hour. 

Horatius, I (ii), m., Horatius, 
a man's name ; Horatii, 
orum, Horatii, a Roman 
family. 

hortor, ari, atus sum, exhort, 
urge, encourage. 

Hostilius, I (ii), m., Hostilius, 
a man's name. 

hostis, is, c, enemy ; especially 
frequent in.pl., the enemy. 

hue, hither. 

humanus, a, um, human. 

ibi, there, in that place. 
(ico), ere, ici, ictus, strike. 



idcirco, therefore. 

idem, eadem, idem, the same. 

idolon, I, n., spectre. 

idoneus, a, um, suitable. 

igitur, therefore, accordingly; 
now; (stands usually after 
first word in clause). 

ignavus, a, um, cowardly. 

ignis, is, m., fire. 

ignominia, ae, f., ignominy, 
disgrace. 

ille, ilia, illud, that ; that one ; 
he, she, it. 

imago, inis, i, image, ghost. 

imbecillis, e, iveak, poor. 

imber, imbris, m., rain-storm. 

immortalis, e, immortal. 

impedimentum, i, n., hin- 
drance ; in pi., baggage. 

impedio, ire, ivi (ii), itus, im- 
pede, hinder. 

imperator, toris, m., com- 
mander. 

imperitus, a, um, inexperi- 
enced. 

imperium, i (ii), n., rule, 
sway. 

impero, 1, command; demand; 
order; reign; levy. 

impetus (us), m., attack (§ 57, 4). 

imploro, 1, entreat. 

impono, ere, posui, positus, 
place upon. 

improbo, 1, disapprove, reject. 

imus, a, um, lowest (§ 73, 2). 

in, prep. w. abl., in, on, denot- 
ing rest in a place ; w. ace, 
into, in, against, to, toward. 

inaeque, unfairly. 

incendo, ere, cendi, census, set 
on fire. 



incertus 



149 



interdum 



incertus, a, um, uncertain. 

incido, ere, i, fall upon ; fall 
in with. 

incipio, ere, cepi, ceptus, be- 
gin. 

incito, 1, urge on, encourage. 

includo, ere, si, sus, shut in. 

incognitus, a, um, unknown. 

incoho, 1, begin. 

incola, ae, m., inhabitant. 

incolo. ere, colui, cultus, in- 
habit. 

incolumis, e, unharmed, unin- 
jured. 

incommodum, I, n., disaster. 

incursio, orris, f., incursion, 
attack. 

indico, ere, dixi, dictus, pro- 
claim, appoint ; with bellum, 
to declare war. 

indoles, is, f., nature; charac- 
ter. 

induco, ere, diixi, ductus, lead 
in ; draw in ; draw. 

ineo, ire, ii, itus, enter upon; 
consilium inire, form a plan 
(§ 132). 

inermis, e, unarmed. 

inferior, us, lower, inferior 
(§ 73, 2). 

infero, ferre, tuli, illatus, bring 
upon, bring against ; produce 
(§ 129?. 

infestus, a, um, hostile. 

infimus, a, um, superl. of in- 
ferior (§ 73, 2). 

infirmus, a, um, weak. 

inflo, 1, bloiv out, inflate. 

infrendo, ere, gnash. 

ingens, gen., ingentis. huge. 

ingenuus, a, um, free-born. 



inhaereo, ere, haesi, haesurus, 
stick fast. 

inhio, 1, be eager for (lit. gape 
for), (§187,111). 

inimicus, a, um, hostile. 

inimicus, i, m., a {personal) 
enemy. 

initium, i (ii), n., beginning. 

injuria, ae, f., wrong, injustice. 

innecto, ere, nexui, nexus, bind. 

innuo, ere, ui, utus, beckon. 

inopia, ae, f., lack, need. 

inquam; 3d sing, inquit; 3d pi. 
inquiunt, say (inserted be- 
tween words of a direct 
quotation), (§ 134). 

insidiae, arum, f. pi., ambush; 
plot ; treachery. 

insignis, e, distinguished. 

insilio, ire, ui, leap upon. 

insolens, gen., insolentis, inso- 
lent. 

instans, pres. participle of insto. 

instar, n., indecl., like, equal. 

instituo, ere, ui, utus, institute ; 
appoint. 

institutum, i, n., institution. 

insto, are, iti, press on, be eager. 

instruo, ere, struxi, striictus, 
draw up, arrange; fit out, 
furnish, provide. 

insula, ae, f., island. 

intellego, ere, lexi, lectus, know, 
understand. 

intendo, ere, di, turn, stretch; 
fix. 

inter, prep. w. ace, among, 
between, in the midst of. 

intercipio, ere, cepi, ceptus, 
take away. 

interdum, at times, sometimes. 



interea 



150 



labor 



interea, in the meanwhile. 
intereo, ire, ii, iturus, perish. 
interest, it concerns, impers. 

from intersum. 
interficio, ere, feci, rectus, kill. 
intericio, ere, jeci, jectus, throw 

between. 
interim, in the meanwhile. 
interimd, ere, emi, emptus, 

kill. 
interior, ius, inner (§ 73, 1). 
interiora, um, n. pi., inner 

parts, places. 
interregnum, i, n., interregnum. 
interrogo, 1, ask. 
intersum, esse, fui, futurus, be 

present at. 
intra, prep. w. ace, within. 
intro, 1, enter. 
intus, adv., within. 
invado, ere, vasi, vasus, attack. 
invenio, ire, veni, ventus, find. 
invicem, in turn. 
invideo, ere, vidi, visum, envy. 
invidia, ae, f., envy. 
invisus, a, um, hated, hateful. 
invito, 1, invite. 
in vitus, a, um, unwilling. 
ipse, a, um, self. 
irrideo, ere, risi, risus, deride, 

ridicule. 
irrito, 1, urge on, tempt. 
is, ea, id, that; he, she, it; pi. 

they. 
iste, a, ud, that ; that of yours. 
ita, so. 

Italia, ae, f., Italy. 
Italus, a, um, Italian ; as noun, 

m., an Italian. 
itaque, accordingly, and so. 
iter, itineris, n., journey; 



march; way; iter facere, to 
march; travel. 
iterum, again. 

jaceo, ere, ui, iturus, lie, recline. 

jam, already. 

Janiculum, i, n., the hill Janic- 

ulum. 
jubed, ere, jussi, jussus, order; 

bid. 
judico, 1, judge, adjudge. 
jugum, i, ii., yoke; ridge (of 

mountains). 
Julius, i (ii), m., Julius, a man's 

name. 
jumentum, i, n., beast of bur den. 
jungo, ere, jiinxi, junctus, join; 

societatem jungere, form a 

partnership. 
Junius, i (ii), m., Junius, a 

man's name. 
Juppiter, Jovis, m., Jupiter. 
Jura, ae, m., the Jura, chain of 

mountains on west of Switz- 
erland. 
juro, 1, swear, take oath. 
jus, juris, n., right, power. 
jus jiirandum, juris jurandi, n., 

oath. 
Justus, a, um, just. 
juvenca, ae, f., heifer. 
juvenis, is, m., a young man. 

Kalendae, arum, f . pi. , Kalends 
(first of the month) . 

L., abbreviation of Lucius, 
Lucius, a man's name. 

Labienus, i, m., Labienus, a 
famous lieutenant of Caesar. 

labor, oris, m., labor, exertion. 



laboro 



151 



Lysander 



laboro, 1, toil ; suffer ; in battle, 
be hard pressed. 

Lacedaemonius, a, um, Spar- 
tan; subs, a Spartan. 

lacero, 1, mangle, tear in pieces. 

lacesso, ere, cessivi (ii), ltus, 
harass. 

lacus, us, m., lake. 

laetus, a, um, glad, joyful. 

Laevinus, I, m., Laevinus, a 
man's name. 

lanio, 1, tear in pieces. 

lapis, idis, m., stone. 

Latinus, i, m., Latinus, a man's 
name ; also a Latin. 

Latium, i (ii), n., Latium, a 
part of Italy. 

latro, 1, bark. 

latus, a, um, broad, wide. 

laudo, 1, praise. 

laus, laudis, f., praise. 

Lavinia, ae, f., Lavinia, wife 
of Aeneas. 

Lavinium, i(ii), n., Lavinium, a 
town. 

laxo, 1, loosen. 

lectus, i, m., couch. 

legatio, onis, f., embassy. 

legatus, i, in., lieutenant; en- 
voy. 

legio, onis, f., legion. 

lego, ere, legi, lectus, choose; 
read. 

Lentulus, i, m., Lentulus, a 
man's name. 

lentus, a, um, sluggish, slow. 

leo, onis, m., lion. 

letalis. e, fatal. 

levis, e, light. 

lex, legis, f., law. 

liber, bri, m., book. 



liber, libera, liberum, free. 
liberi, orum, m. pi., children 

(free-born). 
libero, 1, free; acquit. 
libertas, tatis, f., liberty. 
licet, impers., it is permitted 

(§ 138). 
ligneus, a, um, ivooden. 
Lilybaeum, i, n., Lilybaeum, a 

promontory of Sicily. 
litterae, arum, f. pi., a letter. 
litterarius, a, um, of or belong- 
ing to reading and writing. 
litus, oris, n., shore. 
locus, i, m.. place ; family ; pi., 

loca, orum, n. 
longe, adv., far. 
longitudo, inis, f., length. 
longus, a, um, long. 
loquor, loqui, locutus sum, 

speak. 
Lucius, i (ii), m., Lucius, a 

man's name. 
Lucretia, ae, f., Lucretia, a 

woman's name. 
Lucretius, i (ii), m., Lucretius, 

a man's name. 
ludus, I, m.. game, school; pi., 

ludi, orum, m., (public) 

games. 
lugeo, ere, luxi, luctus, mourn. 
lumen, inis, n., light. 
lima, ae, f., moon. 
lupa, ae, f., she-wolf. 
lupus, i, m., wolf. 
lustro, 1, review (an army). 
Lutatius, i (ii), m., Lutatius, a 

man's name, 
lux, lucis, f., light. 
Lysander, dri, in., Lysander, a 

Spartan commander. 



M. 



152 



mereor 



M., abbreviation for Marcus, I, 

m., Marcus, a man's name, 
magis, more, rather, comp. of 

magnopere. 
magister, tri, m., master ; ma- 

gister equitum, master of the 

horse. 
magistratus, us, m., magistrate. 
magnificentia, ae, f., splendor. 
magnitudo, inis, f., size. 
magnopere, greatly, earnestly 

(§77,1). " 
magnus, a, um, large, great. 
major, larger, greater, comp. 

of magnus ; major natii, elder 

(lit. greater as to birth) . 
majores, um, m. (sc. natii), 

ancestors. 
male, adv., badly, ill (§ 77, 1). 
maledico, ere, dixi, dictus, 

rail at. 
maleficus, l, m., evil doer. 
malo, malle, malui, prefer 

(§ 130). 
malus, a, um, bad. 
mandatum, I, n., command, 

order. 
mando, 1, intrust, assign. 
maneo, ere, mansi, mansurus, 

remain. 
Manlius, l (ii), m., Manlius, a 

man's name. 
Mantinea, ae, f., Mantinea, a 

city in Arcadia. 
manus, us, f., hand ; in military 

sense, band, force. 
Marcellus, I, m., Marcellus, a 

man's name. 
Marcius, I (ii), m., Marcius, a 

man's name, 
mare, is, n., sea. 



maritimus, a, um, of the sea, 
maritime. 

maritus, I, m., husband. 

Mars, Martis, m., the god Mars. 

massa, ae, f., mass. 

Massilia, ae, f., Marseilles. 

mater, tris, f., mother. 

matrimonium, l Til), n., mar- 
riage ; in matrimonium dare, 
to give in marriage (of the 
father) ; in matrimonium 
ducere, to take in marriage 
(of the husband). 

matrona, ae, f., matron. 

maturus, a, um, ripe. 

maxime, especially, sup. of 
magnopere. 

maximus, a, um, greatest, su- 
per! of magnus. 

medicus, i, in., physician. 

medius, a, um, middle, the 
middle of. 

mehercule, gracious ! I tell you, 
lit. (so help) me Hercules ! 

melior, ius, better, comp. of 
bonus. 

membrum, i, n., member (of 
the body). 

memini, isse, remember (§ 133). 

memoria, ae, f., memory, recol- 
lection. 

Menenius, i (ii), m., Menenius, 
a man's name. 

mens, mentis, f., mind. 

mensa, ae, f., table. 

mensis, is, m., month. 

merces, edis, 1, price, reward. 

mereor, ari, atus sum, purchase. 

mereo, ere, merui, meritus, 
deserve. 

mereor, eri, itus sum, deserve. 



mergo 



153 



natus 



mergo, ere, mersi, mersus, sink. 
Messalla, ae, m., Jlessalla. 
meto, ere, messui, messus, 

reap, mow. 
Mettius Fufetius, Metti (ii) 

Fuf eti (ii) , m., Mettius Fufe- 
tius, a man's name, 
meus, a, um, my. 
migrd, 1. move, move away. 
miles, itis, m., soldier. 
miliarium, I (ii), n., milestone. 
militaris, e, military. 
militia, ae, t, military service. 
mille, indecl.; pi., millia, ium, 

thousand (§ 80, 5). 
minime, least (§ 77, 1). 
minimus, a, um, super! of par- 
vus, 
minor, less, comp. of parvus ; 

minor natu, younger. 
minus, adv., less (§ 77, 1). 
miror, ari, atus sum, w onder, 

admire. 
miseret, ere, uit (§ 138), it 

excites pity (§ 200). 
misericordia, ae, 1, pity. 
mitto, ere, misi, missus, send; 

hurl. 
modo, only; just, just now; as 

conj., provided that. 
modus, I, m., manner, way, 

kind. 
moenia, ium, n. pi., ivalls (of a 

city). 
mollio, ire, ivi, itus, soften. 
moneo, ere, monui, monitus, 

advise, warn. 
monitus, us, rn M advice. 
mons, montis, m., mountain. 
monstro, 1, show. 
mora, ae, f., delay. 



morbus, i, in., disease. 
morior, I, mortuus sum, die. 
moror, ari, monitus sum, tarry, 

delay. 
mors, mortis, f., death. 
morsus, us, m., bite. 
mortuus, a, um, dead. 
mos, moris, m., custom; pi., 

mores, character. 
Mosa, ae, f., the river Meuse. 
motus, us, m., revolt. 
moveo, ere, movi, motus, move ; 

touch. 
mox, presently; soon; after- 
ward. 
Mucius, i (ii), m., 3Iucius, a 

man's name, 
mulier, mulieris, f.. woman. 
multitudo, inis, f., multitude. 
multo, by much, abl. of mul- 

tum. 
multus, a, um. much; pi., 

many. 
munio, ire, ivi (ii), itus, fortify. 
miinitio, onis, f ., fortification. 
miinus, eris, n., reward. 
miirus, i, m., wall. 
mus, muris, c, mouse. 

nam, for. 

nanciscor, i, nactus sum, pro- 
cure. 

narro, 1, tell. 

nascor, i, natus sum, be born. 

natio, onis, f., nation, tribe. 

nato, 1, swim. 

natiira, ae, f., nature. 

natus, i, m., child, son. 

(natus, us), m., only in the 
abl. sing., natu, as to birth 
(in phrases expressing age). 



navalis 



154 



nympha 



navalis, e, naval. 

navis, is, f., ship, boat. 

ne, not; lest; that . . . not; 
from (after verbs of hinder- 
ing) ; ne . . . quidem, not 
even; emphatic negative, em- 
phasizing the expression 
placed between ne and qui- 
dem. 

-ne, enclitic interrog. particle, 
asking for information. 

nee (neque), nor. 

necesse est, impers., it is neces- 
sary. 

neglego, ere, lexi, lectus, neg- 
lect. 

nego, 1, deny; say "no." 

negotium, 1 (ii), n., business; 
trouble. 

nemo, c, defective noun, no 
one; ace. neminem, dat. ne- 
mini ; other cases lacking. 

nepos, otis, m., grandson. 

Neptunus, 1, m., the god Nep- 
tune. 

neque (nee), nor, and not. 

neuter, tra, trum, neither (§ 66). 

nihil, indecl., nothing ; as adv., 
not at all. 

nihilo, abl., by nothing ; nihilo- 
minus, none the less. 

nisi, unless, except. 

nobilis, e, noble. 

nobilitas, tatis, f., nobility. 

noceo, ere, nocui, nociturus, in- 
jure, harm. 

nocturnus, a, um, at night. 

nolo, nolle, nolui, be unwilling. 
(§ 130). 

nomen, inis, n., name. 

nominatim, by name. 



non, not; non solum . . . sed 
etiam, not only . . . but also. 

nonagesimus, a, um, nineti- 
eth. 

nondum, not yet. 

nonne, interrog. particle, ex- 
pecting answer "yes." 

nonniillus, a, um, some. 

nosed, ere, novi, become ac- 
quainted with; the perfect 
has present meaning : I 
know. 

noster, tra, trum, our. 

notabilis, e, notable, 

novem, indecl., nine. 

novus, a, um, new. 

nox, noctis, f., night. 

nubo, ere, nupsi, nupta, veil 
one's self (for the bride- 
groom) ; marry, used only of 
the woman. 

nullus, a, um, no (§ 66). 

num, interrog. particle expect- 
ing answer "no"; in indi- 
rect questions, whether. 

Numa Pompilius, Numae Pom- 
pili (ii), Numa Pompilius, 
second king of Rome. 

numerus, I, m., number. 

Numitor, oris, m., Numitor, 
grandfather of Romulus and 
Remus. 

numquam, never. 

nunc, now. 

nuncupo, 1, name, call. 

nuntio, 1, announce, report. 

nuntius, I (ii), m., messen- 
ger. 

nutrio, ire, Ivi, ltus, nurse, 
take care of. 

nympha, ae, f., nymph. 



ob 



155 



onor 



Ob, prep. w. ace, on account of. 

obeo, ire, ii, itus, meet; also 
used for mortem obire (lit., 
meet death), die. 

oberrd, 1, wander about. 

obligo, 1, lay under obligation. 

obliviscor, I, oblftus sum, for- 
get. 

oboedio, ire, ivi, ltum, obey. 

obruo, ere, nil, rutus, over- 
whelm. 

obsecro, 1, entreat. 

obses, idis, c. , hostage. 

obsideo, ere, sedi, sessus, block- 
ade, block, throng. 

obsidio, onis, f., siege. 

obstruo, ere, uxi, uctus, ob- 
struct, block. 

obtestor, an, atus sum, adjure. 

obtineo. ere, ui, tentus, occupy, 
hold, obtain, secure ; prevail. 

occaeco, 1, blind. 

occasio, onis, f., occasion, op- 
portunity. 

occido, ere, occidi, occisus, kill. 

occupo, 1, take possession of, 
seize; occupy. 

occurro, ere, curri, cursum, run 
to meet. 

octavus, a, um, eighth; octa- 
vus decimus, eighteenth. 

octingentl, ae, a, eight hundred. 

Octodurus, I, m., Octodurus, a 
city of the Veragri. 

octoginta, indecl., eighty. 

oculus, I, m., eye. 

odi, odisse, hate (§ 133) 



omnino, adv., altogether ; with 
negatives, at all. 

omnis, e, all, every. 

onerarius, a, um, burden-bear- 
ing ; naves onerariae, trans- 
ports. 

opera, ae, f., assistance. 

opinio, onis, f., opinion, expec- 
tation. 

oportet, ere, oportuit, it be- 
hooves (§ 138, II). 

oppidum, i, n., town, walled 
town. 

opportunus, a, um, fit, oppor- 
tune. 

opprimo, ere, pressi, pressus, 
overwhelm. 

oppugno, 1, attack, assaidt. 

(ops) opis, f . (nom. sing, is not 
used), power, help; in pi., 
resources. 

optime, sup. of bene (§ 77, 1). 

orjtimus, a, um, sup. of bonus 
(§72). 

optio, onis, f., choice. 

opto, 1, desire. 

opus, indecl., n., need; opus 
est, it is necessary. 

opus, eris, n., ivork ; fortifica- 
tion. 

ora, ae, f., coast. 

oraculum, i, n., oracle. 

oratio. onis, f., speech. 

orator, oris, m. , orator ; envoy. 

orbis, orbis, m., circle; orbis 
terrarum, the world. 

ordino, 1, institute. 



offero, ferre, obtuli, oblatus, yordo, inis, m., rank 



offer; se offerre, volunteer: 
officium, i (ii), n., duty. 
olim, formerly. 



Orgetorix, igis, m., Orgetorix, 

an Helvetian chief. 
orior, oriri, ortus sum, arise. 



orno 



156 



percontor 



orno, 1, adorn. 

oro, 1, beseech. 

ortus, perf. participle of orior. 

os, ossis, n., bone. 

ostendo, ere, tendi, tentus, 

show, explain. 
ostentum, I, n., prodigy, won- 
_ der. 
Ostia, ae, f., Ostia, a Latin 

town at mouth of the Tiber. 
ostium, I (ii), n., mouth. 
otiosus, a, um, at ease, free. 
ovis, ovis, f., sheep. 
ovum, I, n., egg. 

P. , abbreviation of Publius. 

pabulum, I, n., forage, food 
(of animals). 

paene, almost, nearly. 

paenitet, ere, paenituit, impers., 
it causes regret (§ 138, II). 

palus, ludis, f., marsh. 

pando, ere, pandi, passus, un- 
fold, open. 

Papirius, I (ii), m., Papirius, 
a man's name. 

par, gen. paris, equal; with 
dat., a match for. 

parco, ere, peperci, parsiirus, 
spare (§ 187, II, a). 

pario, ere, peperi, partus, bring 
forth; lay (an egg). 

paro, 1, prepare, get ready, 
procure; win. 

pars, partis, f ., part ; side. 

parum, indeci., little, too lit- 
tle. 

parvus, a, um, small. 

pasco, ere, pavi, pastus, feed ; 
deponent, pascor, pasci, pas- 
tus sum, graze. 



passus, us, m., pace (five feet). 

pastor, oris, m., herdsman, 
shepherd. 

patefacio, ere, feci, f actus, 
open. 

pateo, ere, ui, lie open. 

pater, patris, m., father. 

paternus, a, um, paternal ; of 
one' "s father. 

patior, I, passus sum, suffer; 
allow. 

patria, ae, f., country, father- 
land. 

patrimonium, I (ii), n., inheri- 
tance, property. 

pauci, ae, a, few ; used only in 
pi. 

paucitas, atis, f., fewness, 
small number. 

paulo, abl., by a little. 

paulum, a little. 

pax, acis, f., peace. 

pecunia, ae, f., money. 

pedes, itis, m., foot-soldier ; in. 
pi., infantry. 

peditatus, us, m., infantry. 

pellicio, ere, lexi, lectus, allure, 
entice. 

pellis, is, f., skin. 

pello, ere, pepuli, pulsus, drive ; 
drive out, banish; rout, de- 
feat. 

Peloponnesus, I, f., Peloponne- 
sus, the southern part of 
Greece. 

pendeo, ere, hang. 

per, prep. w. ace, through, by 
means of, through the instru- 
mentality of; on account of; 
during. 

percontor, ari, atus sum, ask. 



percutio 



157 



post 



percutio, ere, cussi, cussus, 
strike. 

perdo, ere, didi, ditus, lose. 

perdiico, ere, duxi, ductus, con- 
duct. 

pereo, ire, if, itiirus, perish 
(§132). 

perfero, ferre, tuli, latus, carry 
through, convey, endure. 

perficio, ere, feci, fectus, ac- 
complish. 

perfidia, ae, f., treachery. 

perfuga, ae, m M deserter. 

perfugio, ere, fugi, fugitiirus, 
flee. 

pergo, ere, perrexi, perrectus, 
proceed. 

periculum, i, n., danger. 

permitto, ere, misi, missus, 
permit, grant, cede (§ 187, 
II, a). 

permutatio, onis, f., exchange. 

perpetuus, a, um, perpetual. 

Persae, arum, m. pi., Persians. 

persequor, i, secutus sum, fol- 
low up. 

persuadeo, ere, suasi, suasum, 
persuade. 

perterre5, ere, ui, itus, terrify. 

perturbo, 1, confuse, agitate. 

pervenio, ire, veni, ventum, 
come, arrive. 

pes, pedis, in., foot, 

peto, ere, ivi (ii), itus, seek, 
request; attack. 

philosophus, i, m., philosopher. 

Piso, onis, m., Piso, a man's 
name. 

placeo, ere, ui, itiirus, please. 

placidus, a, um, peaceful. 

planities, ei, f., plain. 



plebs, plebis, f., common peo- 
ple. 

plenus, a, um, full. 

plerique, aeque, aque, most. 

pliires, a, more ; several ; plural 
of plus (§ 70). 

plurimus, a, um, sup. of mul- 
tus (§ 72). 

plus, comp. of multus (§§ 70, 
72). 

poena, ae, f., penalty, punish- 
ment. 

Poenus, a, um, Carthaginian. 

polliceor, eri, itus sum, prom- 
ise. " 

Pompejus, Pompei, m. , Pompey, 
a man's name. 

Pompilius, i (ii), m., Pompil- 
ius, a man's name. 

pondus, eris, n. , vmght. 

pono ere, posui, positus, put; 
place; establish; castra po- 
nere. pitch a camp. 

pons, pontis, m., bridge. 

Pontius, i (ii), m., Pontius, a 
man's name. 

populus, i, m.,. people. 

porrigo, ere, rexi, rectus, stretch 
out. 

Porsena, ae, m., Porsena, a 
king of Etraria. 

porta, ae, f., gate. 

porto, 1, carry. 

portus, us, m., harbor. 

posco, ere. poposci, demand. 

possessio, onis, f., possession. 

possideo, ere, sedi, sessus, 
possess. 

possum, posse, potui, be able, 
can (§ 126). 

post, adv., afterward. 



post 



158 



procul 



post, prep, with ace, after ; be- 
hind. 

postea, afterward. 

posterus, a, urn, following (§ 73, 
2); poster!, orum, m., de- 
scendants. 

postquam, conj., after. 

postremo, finally. 

postridie, adv., on the next 
day. 

postulo, 1, demand. 

Postumius, I (ii), m., Postu- 
mius, a man's name. 

potens, entis, pres. participle of 
possum, used as adj., power- 
ful 

potestas, atis, f., poioer. 

potior, iri, itus sum, gain pos- 
session of. 

praecedo, ere, cessi, cessurus, 
go ahead. 

praecipio, ere, cepi, ceptus, en- 
join. 

praecipito, 1, hurl down head- 
long. 

praeda, ae, f., booty. 

praedo, onis, m., robber. 

praefer5, ferre, tuli, latus, 
choose, prefer (§ 129). 

praeficio, ere, feci, fectus, put 
in charge, place in command 
(§ 187, III). 

praemium, I (ii), n., reward. 

Praeneste, is, n., Praeneste, a 
Latin town. 

praesaepe, is, n., manger. 

praesens, praesentis, present, 
pres. participle of praesum, 
used as adj. 

praesidium, i (ii), n., garri- 
son. 



praestans, gen., stantis, emi- 
nent, excellent. 

praestantia, ae, f., preeminence. 

praesto, are, iti, itus, perform, 
show. 

praesum, esse, fui, be in charge 
of (§ 125). 

praeter, prep. w. ace, except, be- 
sides. 

praeterea, besides. 

praetereo, ire, ii, iturus, pass by. 

praetor, oris, hi., praetor. 

pratum, i, n , meadow. 

premo, ere, pressi, pressus, 
press, crowd. 

pretium, i (ii), n., price. 

(prex, precis), f., prayer (nom. 
and gen. sing, not used). 

primo, first, firstly. 

primum, first, for the first time. 

primus, a, um, first ; superl. of 
comp. prior (§ 73, 1). 

princeps, ipis, m., chief. 

prior, us, former, before (an- 
other) . 

Priscus, i, m., Priscus, a man's 
name. 

pristinus, a, um, former, pris- 
tine. 

priusquam, before. 

privatus, a, um, private ; as 
noun, privatus, i, m., a pri- 
vate citizen. 

pro, prep. w. abl, before, in 
front of; for, instead of. 

probo, 1, approve. 

Procas, ae, m., Procas, a king 
of Alba (§22). 

procedo, ere, cessi, cessurus, 
advance. 

procul, far. 



procuro 



159 



quamvis 



procuro, 1, care for, have charge 
of. 

procurrd, ere, cucurri, cursum, 
run forward. 

prdditor, oris, m., traitor. 

proelium. I (ii), n., battle. 

profero, ferre, tuli, latus, carry 
in front. 

proficiscor, I, profectus sum, 
set out. 

profugio, ere, fugi, fugiturus, 
flee, escape ; flee for refuge. 

progredior, I, gressus sum, ad- 
vance, go forward. 

prohibeo, ere, ui, itus, keep 
away, keep off. 

proicio, ere, jeci, jectus, throw 
forward; cast. 

promissus, a, um, flowing. 

promitto, ere, misi, missus, 
promise. 

promunturium, I (ii), n., prom- 
ontory. 

propago, 1, propagate, continue. 

propero, 1, hasten. 

propior, nearer; comp. of prope 
(§ 73). 

propono, ere, posui, positus, 
propose. 

propter, prep.w. ace, on account 
of 

prospecto, 1, look out upon. 

prosum, prodesse, profui, pro- 
futiirus, benefit (§ 125). 

protinus, forthwith, straight- 
way. 

pr5video, ere, vidi, visus, pro- 
vide, take care. 

pr5vincia. ae, f. , province. 

provocatio, onis, f., challenge. 

provoco, 1, challenge. 



proximus, a, um, nearest, next 

(§ 73, 1). 
priidens, wise, sensible. 
Publicola, ae, m., Publicola, a 

man's name. 
publicus, a, um, public. 
Publius, i (ii), m., Publius, a 

man's name. 
puer, i, m., boy. 
puerilis, e, youthful. 
pueritia, ae, f., boyhood. 
pugna, ae, f., battle. 
pugno, 1, fight. 
pulcher, chra, chrum, beautiful, 

glorious. 
pullus, i, m., nestling. 
pulsus, perf . pass, participle of 

pello. 
Pulvillus, i, m., Pidvillus, a 

man's name. 
Punicus, a, um, Punic. 
piinio, ire, ivi, itus, punish. 
pupillus, i, m., ward. 
pusillus, a, um, iveak. 
puto, 1, think. 
Pyrrhus, i, m., Pyrrhus, king 

of Epirns. 

qua, adv., where. 
quadragesimus, a, um, fortieth. 
quadraginta, indecl., forty. 
quadringentesimus, a, um, four 

hundredth. 
quaero, ere, quaesivi, quaesitus, 

inquire ; seek. 
qualis, e, rel., as; such as; 

interrog. , of ivhat sort ? 

1. quam, how ? 

2. quam, than. 
quamquam, although. 
quamvis, though, although. 



quando 



160 



refero 



quando, interrog. , when 9 
quantum, how much ? 
quantus, a, um, how great. 
quare, rel. and interrog., where- 
fore. 
quartus, a, um, fourth. 
quasi, as if. 
quatio, ere, quassus, shake, 

move. 
quattuor, indecl., four. 
quattuordecim, indecl., four- 

teen. 
-que, enclitic conj., and. 
querela, ae, f., complaint. 
queror, I, questus sum, com- 
plain. 
qui, how ? 

qui, quae, quod, who, ivhich. 
quia, conj., because. 
quicumque, quaecumque, quod- 

cumque, whoever, whatever 

(§ 91, 8). 
quidam, quaedam, quiddam or 

quoddam, a certain (§ 91). 
quidem, indeed, even; of course; 

ne . . . quidem, not even. 
quilibet, quaelibet, quidlibet 

or quodlibet, any you please 

(§91,1). 
Quinctius I (ii), m., Quinctius, 

a man's name, 
qumgenti, ae, a, five hundred. 
quinquaginta, indecl., fifty. 
quinque, indecl., five. 
quintus, a, um, fifth. 
Quintus, I, m. , Quintus, a man's 

name. 
quis, quid, interr. pron., who, 

what f 
quis, qua (quae), quid, indef. 

pron., any (§ 91, 2). 



quisquam, quaequam, quid- 
quam (quicquam), any, any 
one (§ 91, 1). 

quisque, quaeque, quidque 
(quicque), each (§ 91, 1). 

1. quo, rel. and interrog. adv., 
whither. 

2. quo, conj., in order that. 
quod, because, on the ground 

that. 
quominus, from (after verbs of 

hindering). 
quondam, formerly ; once. 
quoniam, conj., inasmuch as. 
quoque, also; always placed 

after the word it modifies. 

rana, ae, f., frog. 

rapio, ere, ui, tus, seize. 

raptor, oris, m., one who seizes. 

ratio, onis, f., reason. 

recedo, ere, cessi, cessiirus, re- 
tire. 

recens, gen. recentis, recent. 

recipio, ere, cepi, ceptus, take 
back, receive; with reflexive 
se, to retreat. 

recuso, 1, refuse. 

reddo, ere, reddidi, redditus, 
return, give back; render, 
make. 

redeo, ire, ii, itiirus, return, go 
back (§ 132). 

redigo, ere, egi, actus, reduce. 

redimo, ere, emi, emptus, ran- 
som. 

redintegro, 1., renew. 

reduco, ere, diixi, ductus, lead 
back. 

refero, f erre, rettuli, relatus, tr., 
bring back, return (§ 129). 



reficio 



161 



rusticus 



reficio, ere, feci, fectus, rebuild. 

refluS, ere, flow back. 

regio, onis, f., region. 

regius, a, urn, of the king ; re- 
gal. 

regno, 1, reign. 

regnum, I, n., regal power, 
kingdom. 

regredior, I, gressus sum, march 
back, return. 

Regulus, I, m., Begulus, a 
man's name. 

reiciS, ere, rejeci, jectus, hurl 
back. 

relatus, perf . pass, participle of 
refero. 

relictus, perf. pass, participle 
of relinquS. 

religiS, onis, f., religion. 

relinquo, ere, liqui, lictus, 
leave, leave behind. 

reliquus, qua, quum, remain- 
ing. 

remaneo, ere, mansi, mansurus, 
remain. 

remex, igis, m., rower. 

removes, ere, movi, motus, 
remove. 

Remus, i, m., Bemus, brother 
of Romulus. 

renovS, 1, renew. 

renuntiS, 1, bring back ivord. 

repello, ere, reppuli, repulsus, 
drive back, repel. 

repente, suddenly. 

repentinus, a, um, sudden. 

reperio, ire, repperi, repertus, 
discover, find. 

repudio, 1, reject with scorn. 

res, rei, f., thing, affair, cir- 
cumstance. 



rescindo, ere, rescidi, rescissus, 

tear down. 
resists, ere, restiti, resist (§ 

187, II, a). 
respiciS, ere, spexi, spectus, 

look behind. 
respondeS, ere, respond!, re- 

spSnsus, answer, reply. 
res publica, gen. rei publicae, 

f., state, republic. 
respuS, ere, ui, reject. 
restituS, ere, ui, utus, restore. 
retineS, ere, ui, tentus, re- 
tain. 
reverentia, ae, f., reverence. 
revertor, i, i, return (§ 114, 3). 
revocS, 1, call back. 
rex, regis, m., king. 
Rhea Silvia, gen. Rheae Sil- 

viae, f., Bhea Silvia, mother 

of Romulus and Remus. 
Rhenus, i, m., Bhine. 
Rhodanus, i, m., Bhone. 
rideS, ere, risi, risus, laugh, 

laugh at. 
ripa, ae, f., bank. 
rivus, i, in., stream. 
rixor, ari, atus sum, quarrel, 

wrangle. 
rSbur, oris, n., strength. 
rogS, 1, ask. 
RSma, ae, f., Borne. 
RSmanus, a, um, Boman ; as 

noun, a Boman. 
Romulus, i, m., Bomulus. 
Rullianus, i, m., Bullianus. 
rumpo, ere, riipi, ruptus, break, 

breakdown; burst. 
ruS, ere, rui, ruitiirus, rush. 
rursus, again. 
rusticus, i, m., farmer. 



Sabinus 



162 



Sicilia 



Sabinus, a, um, Sabine. 
Sabinus, i, m., Sabinus, a 

lieutenant of Caesar. 
sacer, era, crum, sacred; in 

pi., sacra, n., sacred rites. 
sacerdos, otis, c, priest; 

priestess. 
saepe, often. 
salio, ire, ui, leap. 
salus, lutis, f., safety. 
saluto, 1, salute, hail. 
salvus, a, um, safe. 
Samnis, itis, m., a Samnite. 
Sardinia, ae, f., Sardinia. 
satelles, itis, m., a body-guard. 
satis, adv., enough. 
Saturnia, ae, f., Satumia, 

name of a citadel. 
Saturnus, i, m., the god Saturn. 
saxum, i, n., rock. 
Scaevola, ae, m., Scaevola, a 

man's name, 
scelestus, a, um, wicked. 
scelus, eris, n., crime. 
scio, ire, scivi, scitus, know. 
scriba, ae, m., secretary. 
scribo, ere, scrips!, scriptus, 

write ; of laws, draw up. 
scutum, i, n., shield. 
se, reflexive, he; himself, her- 
self (§ 85) . 
secedo, ere, cessi, cessurus, 

secede, withdraw, 
secundus, a, um, second. 
sed, but. 
sedeo, ere, sedi, sessurus, sit, 

perch. 
sedes, is, f., seat. 
seditio, onis, f., uprising, 

mutiny. 
seges, etis, f., corn-field. 



semper, always. 
senator, toris, m., senator. 
senatus, us, m., senate. 
senex, senis, m., old man; as 

adj., old. 
Senones, um, m., the Senones, 

a Gallic tribe, 
sententia, ae, f., opinion, sen- 
timent. 
sentio, ire, sensi, sensus, feel, 

perceive. 
sepelio, ire, ivi (ii), ultus, 

bury. 
septem, indecl., seven. 
septimus, a, um, seventh. 
septingenti, ae, a, seven hun- 
dred. 
septuaginta, indecl., seventy. 
Sequani, orum, m. pi., Se- 

quani, a Gallic tribe. 
sequor, i, secutus sum, follow; 

seek. 
sermo, 5nis, m., conversation. 
serpo, ere, serpsi, creep ; spread 

abroad. 
Servius Tullius, Servi (ii) 

Tulli (ii), Servius Tullius, 

sixth king of Rome, 
servo, 1, save; protect; guard; 

preserve. 
servus, i, m., slave. 
sescenti, ae, a, six hundred. 
seta, ae, f., hair. 
sex, indecl., six. 
sexaginta, indecl. , sixty. 
sextus, a, um, sixth; sextus 

decimus, sixteenth. 
si, if. 

sic, so (of manner), 
siccus, a, um, dry. 
Sicilia, ae, f., Sicily. 



sidus 



163 



summus 



sidus, eris, n., constellation; 
pi., the stars. 

significo, 1, shoiv ; mean. 

signum, I, n., standard. 

silentium, I (ii), n., silence. 

silva, ae, f., forest. 

Silvius, l (ii), m., Silvias. 

similis, e, like. 

simul, together, at the same 
time. 

simul ac (atque), as soon as. 

sin, but if (§306, 3). 

sine, prep. w. abl., without. 

singularis, e, single, matchless. 

singuli, ae, a, one at a time, 
each. 

sinister, tra, trum, left, left- 
hand. 

sitis, is, f., thirst (§ 38, 1). 

socer, eri, m., father-in-law. 

societas, tatis, t, partnership. 

socius, (ii), m., ally, comrade; 
socii, often, the provincials. 

sol, is, m., sun. 

soleo, ere, solitus sum, semi- 
dep., be accustomed. 

s51itudo, dinis, f., solitude. 

solum, only; non solum . . . 
sed etiam, not only . . . but 
also. 

solus, a, um, alone, only (§ 66). 

solvo, ere, solvL solutus, loose ; 
of ships, unmoor ; naves sol- 
vere, set sail. 

somnus, I, m., sleep. 

sonitus, us, m., sound. 

sonus, I, m., sound. 

spatiosus. a, um, roomy. 

spatium, i (ii), n., space ; time, 
period. 

specto, 1, look on. 



spero, 1, hope, hope for ; gov- 
erns the ace. 

spes, spei, f., hope. 

spolio, 1, despoil. 

Spurius, i (ii), m., Spurius, a 
man's name. 

stagnum, i, n , pool, lagoon. 

statim, at once, immediately. 

statua, ae, f., statue. 

statuo, ere, ui, utus, decide. 

statura, ae, f., stature, height. 

stilus, i, m., stilus ; pen. 

sto, are, steti, statiirus, stand. 

strenuus, a, um, energetic. 

stultitia, ae, f., folly. 

suadeo, ere, suasi, suasurus, 
urge, advise. 

sub, prep. w. ace. and abl. 
(§ 143), under. 

subdiico, ere, duxi, ductus, 
withdraw, lead aivay ; snatch 
away. 

subeo, ire, ii, itiirus, approach 
(§ 132). 

subigo, ere, egi, actus, sub- 
due. 

subito, suddenly. 

sublevo, 1, relieve. 

sublimis, e, high, lofty ; in sub- 
lime, on high. 

submitto, ere, misi, missus, 
send, despatch. 

subrideo. ere, risi, risum, smile. 

subsidium, i(ii), n., assistance. 

succedo, ere, cessi, cessurus, 
follow, succeed. 

sui, self, oneself (§ 85, 1). 

sum, esse, fui, futiirus, be. 

summus, a, um, highest, great- 
est, top of (§ 241, 1); sup. of 
superus (§ 73, 2). 



sumo 



164 



Thebae 



sumo, ere, sumpsi, siimptus, 

take. 

super, prep. w. ace, above. 

superbia, ae, f., pride, haughti- 
ness. 

superbus, a, um, proud, 
haughty. 

superior, us, higher, upper; 
comp. of superus (§ 73, 
2). 

supero, 1, overcome, defeat , 
surpass ; be superior to. 

supersum, esse, fui, remain, be 
over, be left; survive (§ 125). 

supervenio, ire, veni, ventum, 
come up, arrive. 

supplicium, I (ii), n., torture, 
punishment. 

supra, prep. w. ace, above. 

supremus, a, um, superl. of 
superus (§ 73, 2). 

suscipio, ere, cepi, ceptus, un- 
dertake, receive. 

suspicio, onis, f., suspicion. 

suspicor, an, atus sum, sus- 
pect. 

sustineo, ere, ui, withstand. 

sustuli, perf . ind. act. of tollo. 

suus, a, um, his ; her; its ; 
their. 

Syracusae, arum, f., Syracuse, 
a city of Sicily. 

Syracusanus, I, m., a Syra- 
cusan. 

T., abbreviation of Titus, 
talentum, I, n., a talent (about 

$1200). 
talis, e, such. 
tarn, so (of degree). 
tamen, nevertheless, yet. 



Tanaquil, ilis, f., Tanaquil, 

wife of Tarquinius Priscus. 
tandem, at length. 
tango, ere, tetigi, tactus, touch. 
tantum (n. of tantus), so 

much. 
tantus, a, um, so great. 
tardo, 1, retard, check. 
Tarentmus, a, um, Tarentine. 
Tarentum, l, n., Tarentum, a 

city. 
Tarpeia, ae, f., Tarpeia, a 

woman's name. 
Tarpeius, a, um, Tarpeian. 
Tarquinii, orum, m. pi., Tar- 

quinii, a city. 
Tarquinius, I (ii),m., Tarquin, 

a Roman king. 
tectum, l, n., roof 
Telesinus, I, m., Telesinus, a 

man's name, 
telum, I, n., javelin. 
temere, rashly. 
tempestas, tatis, f., tempest. 
templum, I, n., temple. 
tempto. 1, attempt, make trial 

of 
tempus, oris, n., time. 
tendo, ere, tetendi, tentus, 

stretch ; stretch one^s course, 

go. 
teneo, ere, ui, hold. 
tergum, I, n., back; a tergo, 

from behind. 
terra, ae, 1, land, a land. 
terreo, ere, ui, itus, frighten. 
territorium, i (ii), n., territory. 
terror, oris, m., terror, fear. 
tertius, a, um, third. 
testudo, inis, f., tortoise. 
Thebae, arum, f. pi., Thebes. 



Thebanus 



165 



turbo 



Thebanus, a, um, Theban, subs. 
a Theban. 

Themistocles, is, m., Themis- 
tocles, an Athenian states- 
man. 

Tiberis, is, in., Tiber. 

timeo, ere, ui, fear. 

timidus, a, um, timid. 

timor, oris, m., fear. 

tintinnabulum, I, n., bell. 

titulus, i, m., placard. 

Titus, i, m., Titus, a man's 
name. 

tollo, ere, sustuli, sublatus, 
raise ; take, take away (§ 129). 

tonitrus, us, m., thunder. 

tono, are, tonui, thunder. 

Torquatus, i, m., Torquatus, a 
man's name. 

torquis, is, m., necklace. 

tot, indecl., so many. 

totus, a, um, whole, entire 
(§ 66). 

tracto, 1, treat. 

trado, ere, tradidi, traditus, 
hand over; se tradere, sur- 
render. 

traduco, ere, duxi, ductus, lead 
across. 

traicio, ere, jeci, jectus (orig. 
transitive, throw across, send 
across), cross over. 

trans, prep, with ace, across. 

transeo, ire, ii, itus, cross; 
cross over. 

transfero, ferre, tuli, latus, 
transfer. 

transfigo, ere, fixi, fixus. 
pierce. 

transigo, ere, egi, actus, pass, 
spend. 



transilio, ire, ui, leap over. 
transmarinus, a, um, across 

the sea, from across the sea. 
transno, 1, swim across. 
transporto, 1, transport. 
trecentesimus, a, um, three 

hundredth. 
trecenti, ae, a, three hundred. 
tredecim, indecl., thirteen. 
tres, tria, three (§ 80, 3). 
Treveri, orum, m. pi., Treveri, 

a tribe of Belgians. 
tribiinus, i, m., tribune, officer 

of a Roman legion ; also a 

tribune of the plebs. 
tribuo, ere, ui, utus, assign, 

award; grant. 
tributum, i, n., tax. 
tricesimus, a, um, thirtieth. 
triduum, i, n. , three days. 
trigemini, orum, m. pi., triplets. 
triginta, indecl., thirty. 
triumpho, 1, celebrate a tri- 
umph. 
Troja, ae, f., Troy. 
Trojanus, a, um, Trojan; as 

subs., a Trojan. 
trux, gen. trucis, savage. 
tu, tui, thou, you (§ 84). 
tuba, ae, f., trumpet. 
tubicen, inis, m., trumpeter. 
tueor, eri, guard, watch. 
Tullia, ae, f., Tullia, a woman's 

name. 
Tullus Hostilius, Tulli Hostili 

(ii), m., Tullus Hostilius, 

third king of Rome. 
turn, then, at that time. 
tumultus, us, m., uprising. 
tunc, then. 
turbo, 1, disturb. 



turbulentus 



166 



verbum 



turbulentus, a, um, disturbed, 

muddy. 
turpis, e, base. 
turris, is, i, tower (§ 38). 
Tusculum, I, n., Tusculum, a 

town in Latium. 
tutor, oris, in., guardian. 
tutus, a, um, safe. 
tuus, a, um, thy, your (§ 86). 
tyrannus, i, m., tyrant. 

uber, eris, n., udder. 

ubi, rel. and interr. adv., where ; 
when. 

Ubii, orum, m., Ubii, a Gallic 
tribe. 

ublque, everywhere. 

ulciscor, i, ultus sum, avenge. 

ullus, a, um, any (§ 66). 

ulterior, us, farther, more dis- 
tant (§ 73, 1). 

ultra, prep. w. ace., beyond. 

umquam, ever. 

una, together. 

unde, lohence. 

undequmquaginta, indecl., for- 
ty-nine. 

undique, from all parts. 

unguentum, i, n., perfume. 

unguis, is, m., talon. 

ungula, ae, f., talon. 

unus, a, um, one, alone (§ 66). 

urbanitas, atis, wit % 

urbs, urbis, f., city. 

Usipetes, um, m., Usipetes, a 
German tribe. 

usque, even. 

usus, us, m., use, service. 

ut, that, in order that; with 
verbs of fearing, that not; 
denoting time, as, when. 



uter, tra, trum, interrog. pron., 

which (of two) ? 
uterque, utraque, utrumque, 

gen. utriusque (cf. § 66), 

each (of two); in pi., both 

(of two parties). 
iitilis, e, advantageous. 
utinam, affirmative particle. 
utor, I, usus sum, use (§ 218, 1). 
utrum, whether. 
uva, ae, f., bunch of grapes. 
uxor, oris, f., wife. 

vadum, I, n., ford. 
vagitus, us, m., crying. 
valeo, ere, ui, valiturus, avail, 

prevail. 
Valerius, i (ii), m., Valerius, a 

man's name. 
validius, more vigorously, comp. 

of valde. 
vallis, vallis, f., valley. 
vallum, i, n., intrenchment. 
vasto, 1, lay waste. 
Vatinius, I (ii), Vatinius. 
Vejentanus, a, um, Veientine. 
Vejentes, ium, m., Veientines 

(inhabitants of Veii). 
vendo, ere, didi, ditus, sell. 
venenum, i, n., poison. 
Veneti, orum, m. pi., Veneti, a 

Gallic tribe. 
venio, ire, veni, ventum, come. 
venter, tris, m., stomach. 
ventus, i, m., wind. 
ver, veris, n., spring. 
Veragri, orum, m., pi., the 

Veragri, a Gallic tribe, 
verber, eris, n., blow. 
verbero, 1, beat, strike. 
verbum, i, n., word. 



vereor 



167 



Xanthippus 



vereor, eri, itus sum, fear. 

vero, indeed; but. 

versor, ari, atus sum, be en- 
gaged in. 

verto, ere, verti, versus, turn; 
terga vertere, flee. 

vescor, I, feed upon. 

Vesta, ae, f., the goddess Vesta. 

Vestalis, is, adj., Vestal. 

vester, vestra, vestrum, your. 

Veturia, ae, f., Veturia, a 
woman's name. 

Veturius, I (ii) , m., Veturius, a 
man's name. 

vetus, gen. veteris, old, long- 
standing. 

vexo, 1, harass, annoy ; ravage. 

via, ae, f., way, road. 

vicesimus, a, um, twentieth. 

victor, oris, m., victor. 

victoria, ae, f., victory. 

vicus, i, m., village. 

video, ere, vidi, visus, see; in 
pass., be seen ; seem, appear. 

vigilia, ae, f., watch (of the 
night). 

viginti, indecl., twenty. 

vincio, ire, vinxi, vinctus, bind, 
tie. 

vinco, ere, vici, victus, con- 
quer. 

vinculum, i, n., chain. 

vindex, icis, in., champion. 

vindico, 1, claim. 

vinea, ae, f., vineyard, trellis. 

vinum, i, n., wine. 

vir, i, m., man. 

vires, pi. of vis (§ 41). 



virga, ae, f., rod, switch. 

Virginia, ae, f., Virginia, a 
woman's name. 

Virginius, i (ii), m., Virginius, 
a man's name. 

virgo, inis, f., virgin, maiden. 

virgula, ae, f., rod. 

virtus, tutis, f., valor, virtue. 

vis, vis, f. (ace. vim), violence ; 
number ; vim facere, do vio- 
lence, violate ; pi. vires, ium, 
strength (§ 41). 

visus, perf. pass, participle of 
video. 

vita, ae, f., life. 

vito, 1, avoid. 

vivo, ere, vixi, victurus, live. 

vix, scarcely, with difficulty. 

voco, 1, call, summon; name. 

volo, I, fly. 

volo, velle, volui, wish, be will- 
ing (§ 130). 

Volsci, orum, m. pi., Volsci, a 
Latin tribe. 

volucer, cris, ere, flying, capa- 
ble of flight. 

Volumnia, ae, f., Volumnia, a 
woman's name. 

vox, vocis, f., voice, ivord, ex- 
clamation. 

vulnero, 1, wound. 

vulnus, eris, n., wound. 

vulpes, is, i.,foz. 

vultus, us, m., countenance; 
look. 

Xanthippus, i, m. , Xanthippus, 
a man's name. 



ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY. 



abandon 



arms 



abandon, desero, ere, serai, 
sertus. 

(able), be able, possum, posse, 
potui. 

absent, be absent, absum, esse, 
aim, afuturus. 

accomplish, perflcio, ere, feci, 
fectus. 

(account), on account of, prop- 
ter, prep. w. ace. 

accuse, accuso, 1. 

across, trans, prep, with ace. 

adjudge, jMico, 1. 

administer, administro, 1. 

advance, progredior, I, gressus 
sum. 

adversary, adversarius, ii, m. 

adverse, adversus, a, um. 

advice, consilium, i (ii), n. 

affair, res, rei,/. 

after (adv.), post. 

after (conj.), postquam. 

after, post, prep. w. ace. 

afterward, postea. 

against, contra, prep. w. ace. 

aid, auxilium, I (ii), n. 

all, omnis, e. 

ally, socius, ii, m. 

almost, paene. 

already, jam. 



although, though, quamquam ; 

quamvis ; cum. 
always, semper. 
ambush, Insidiae, arum, /. 
among, inter, prep. w. ace. 
ample, amplus, a, um. 
ancestors, majores, um, m. 
and, et ; -que (enclitic) ; atque. 
announce, ntintio, 1. 
another, alius, a, ud. 
answer, respondeo, ere, spondi, 

sponsum. 
any, till us, a, um (§ 66). 
anybody, any one, anything, 

quisquam, quaequam, quid- 

quam; quis, quid. 
any you please, quilibet, quae- 

libet, quidlibet or quodlibet 

(§91,1). 
appear, videor, erl, visus sum. 
appoint, dico, ere, dixl, dictus ; 

lit., say. 
approach, aditus, us, m. 
approach (verb), appropinquo, 

1; adeo, ire, ii, itus. 
approve, probo, 1. 
April, of April, Aprilis, e. 
Ariovistus, Ariovistus, i, m. 
arm, armo, 1. 
arms, arma, orum, n. 



168 



army 



169 



brief 



army, exercitus, us, m. 

army on the march, agmen, 

minis, n. 
arrival, aclventus, us, m. 
arrive, advenio, ire, veni, ven- 

tum. 
as long as, dum. 
as soon as, simul atque (ac). 
ask, rogo, 1. 
assault, oppugno, 1. 
assemble (intrans.), convenio, 

ire, veni, ventum. 
assistance, subsidium, i (ii), 

n. ; auxilium, i (ii), n. 
(at hand), be at hand, adsum, 

esse, adfui, adfuturus. 
at night, nocturnus, a, urn. 
at once, statim. 
Athens, Athenae, arum, /. 
attack, assault (a town), op- 
pugno, 1. 
attack, adorior, iri, ortus 

sum. 
attempt, tempto, 1 ; conor, arl, 

atus sum. 
authority, auctoritas, atis, /. 
avert, averto, ere,' verti, versus. 
avoid, vito, 1. 
await, exspecto, 1. 

bad, malus, a, um. 

banish, expello, ere, puli, pul- 
sus. 

barbarian (adj.), barbarus, a, 
um ; (noun), barbarus, I, m. 

base, turpis, e. 

battle, proelium, I (ii), n. 

be, sum, esse, fui, futurus. 

be able, possum, posse, potui 
(§ 126). 

bear, fero, ferre, tuli, latus. 



beast of burden, jumentum, i, 

71. 

beautiful, pulcher, chra, chrum. 
because, quod ; quia ; cum 

(§286). 
become, fio, fieri, factus sum. 
before (prep, and adv.), ante, 
before, antequam, priusquam. 
begin, coepi, coepisse (§ 133), 

incipio, ere, cepi, ceptus. 
beginning, initium, i (ii), n. 
behind, post, prep. w. ace. 
behoov/e, it behooves, oportet, 

ere, oportuit (§ 138, II). 
Belgians, Belgae, arum, m. 
believe, credo, ere, credidi, 

creditus. 
beseech, oro, 1. 
betake oneself, confero, ferre, 

tuli, collatus, with the re- 
flexive pron. 
better, melius. 

between, inter. , prep. w. ace. 
blame, culpo, are, avi, atus. 
blockade (verb), obsideo, ere, 

sedi, sessus. 
boat, navis, is, /. 
bold, audax, acis. 
booty, praeda, ae, /. 
born, be born, nascor, i, natus 

sum. 
born, natus, a, um. 
both, each, uterque, utraque, 

utrumque. 
boundary, finis, is, m. 
boy, puer, eri, m. 
brave, fortis, e. 
bravely, f ortiter ; from the adj., 

fortis, e. 
bridge, pons, pontis, m. 
brief, brevis, e. 



bring 



170 



contend 



bring, affero, ferre, attull, allatus. 

bring about, efiiciO, ere, feci, 
fectus. 

bring against, Infero, ferre, 
tuli, Hiatus, with dat. of in- 
direct obj. (§ 187, III). 

bring back, refero, ferre, rettull, 
latus. 

bring together, confero, ferre, 
contull, collatus. 

Britain, Britannia, ae, /. 

brother, frater, tris, m. 

building, aedificium, I (ii), n. 

by {of personal agent), a, ab, 
prep. w. abl. 

Caesar, Caesar, is, m. 

calamity, calamitas, atus, /. 

call (name), appello, 1. 

call (summon), voco, 1. 

call together, convoco, 1. 

camp, castra, oruin, n. 

can (be able), possum, posse, 
potui. 

captive, captivus, I, m. 

capture, expugno, 1 ; capio, ere, 
cepi, captus. 

Cato, Cato, onis, m. 

cause, causa, ae, /. 

cavalry, equites, urn, m. pi. of 
eques, itis ; of cavalry, 
equestrian, equester, tris, tre. 

cease, desisto, ere, destiti. 

certain, certain one, quidam, 
quaedam, quiddam or quod- 
dam (§91). 

certainly (in answers), sane. 

change (noun), commtitatio, /. 

charge, be in charge, praesum, 
esse, ful, construed with dat. 
(§ 187, II, a). 



charge, put in charge, praeflcio, 

ere, feci, fectus, construed 

with dat. (§ 187, III), 
check, tardo, 1. 
chief, prlnceps, ipis, m. 
children, Hberi, drum, m. 
choose, deligo, ere, legl, lectus. 
circumstance, res, el, /. 
citizen, fellow-citizen, civis, 

is, c. 
city, urbs, urbis, /. 
coast, ora, ae, /. 
cohort, cohors, rtis, /. 
come, venio, Ire, venl, ventum. 
come together, convenio, Ire, 

venl, ventum. 
command (noun), mandatum, 

I, n. 
command (verb), impero, 1. 
commander, imperator, oris, m. 
common, communis, e. 
compel, cogo, ere, coegi, co- 

actus. 
complain, queror, I, questus 

sum. 
concern, it concerns, interest, 

esse, fuit. 
concerning, de, prep. w. abl. 
condition, condicio, onis,/. 
confer, colloquor, I, locutus 

sum. 
conference, colloquium, I(ii), n. 
confidence, fldticia, ae, /. 
conquer, vinco, ere, vlcl, victus. 
consider, arbitror, arl, atus 

sum. 
consul, consul, is, m. 
consult (with), dellbero, 1. 
consume, consumo, ere, stimpsi, 

stimptus. 
contend, dlmico, 1. 



contented 



171 



else 



contented, contentus, a, um. 
controversy, controversia, ae, 

/• 

conversation, sermo, onis, m. 
council, concilium, I (il), n. 
country, native country, patria, 

ae, /. 
courageous, audax, acis. . 
courageously, audacter, from 

adj. audax, acis. 
cowardly, ignavus, a, um. 
Crassus, Crassus, I, m. 
crime, scelus, eris, n. 
cross, transeo, ire, ii, itiirus. 
custom, mos, moris, m. 

danger, periculum, I, n. 

dare, audeo, ere, ausus sum, 

semi-dep. 
Darius, Darius, ii, ra. 
daughter, filia, ae, /. 
day, dies, el, m. 
death, mors, mortis, /. 
decide, constituo, ere, ui, iitus. 
decree, decerno, ere, crevi, 

cretus. 
deep, altus, a, um. 
defeat, supero, 1. 
defend, defendo, ere, fendi, 

fensus. 
delay, mora, ae, /. 
deliberate, delibero, are, avi, 

atus. 
delight, delecto, 1. 
demand, impero, 1 ; flagito, 1. 
depart, abeo, ire, il, itiirus. 
depth, altitudo, in is, /. 
deserter, perfuga, ae, m. 
deserve, mereor, eri, meritus 

sum. 
desire, wish, opto, 1. 



despise, despicio, ere, spexi, 

spectus. 
determine, c5nstituo, ere, ui, 

iitus. 
difficult, difficilis, e. 
dignity, dignitas, atis, /. 
diligence, diligentia, ae, /. 
disaster, clades, is, /. 
discipline, disciplina, ae. /. 
discover, reperio, ire, repperi, 

repertus. 
dismiss, dimitto, ere, mlsi, 

missus. 
dissension, dissensio, onis, /. 
distant, be distant, absum, 

esse, aful, afuturus. 
ditch, fossa, ae, /. 
do, facio, ere, feci, factus. 
Domitius, Domltius, I, (ii), m. 
doubt, be in doubt, dubito, 1. 
draw up, Instruo, ere, struxi, 

stmctus. 
drive back, repello, ere, rep- 

puli, repulsus. 
drive out, expello, ere, pull, 

pulsus. 
duty, officium, i (ii), n. 

each, quisque, quaeque, quid- 

que. 
each (of two), uterque, utraque, 

utrumque. 
each other, sui, sibi, se; also 

nos, vos used reflexively 

(§ 244, 5). 
eager, alacer, alacris, alacre. 
easily, facile, from adj. faci- 

lis, e. 
easy, facilis, e. 
eighty, octoginta. 
else, alius, a, ud. 



embankment 



172 



forage 



embankment, rampart, agger, 

eris, m. 
encourage, confirmo, 1. 
endeavor, conor, arl, atus sum, 

dep. 
end of, extremus, a, urn 

(§241,1). 
endure, perfero, ferre, tull, 

latus. 
enemy (in military 'sense), 

hostis, is, c; (collectively), 

hostes, ium, m. 
enemy (personal), inimlcus, I, 

m. 
enjoy, fruor, I (§218, 1). 
enough, satis (§ 201, 2). 
enter, enter upon, ineo, ire, ii, 

itiiras. 
entreat, obsecro, 1. 
envoy, legatus, i, m. 
escape, effugio, ere, fugi, fugi- 
tiirus. 
especially, maxime (§ 77, 1). 
establish, confirmo-, 1. 
even, etiam. 
not even, ne . . . quidem, with 

the emphatic word or phrase 

between. 
ever, always, semper. 
ever (at any time), umquam. 
(evident) it is evident, constat 

(§138). 
exhaust, wear out, conficio, 

ere, feci, fectus. 
expect, exspecto, 1. 
explore, exploro, 1. 

fail, desum, deesse, defui. 
family (stock), genus, eris, n. 
far (adv.), longe. 
farmer, agricola, ae, m. 



farther (adj.), ulterior, us 

(§73,1). 
father, pater, patris, m. 
fatherland, patria, ae, /. 
favor, benericium, i (ii), n. 
fear (noun), timor, oris, m. 
fear (verb), timeo, ere, ui. 
fellow.-citizen, civis, is, c. 
fertile, feras, acis. 
few, pauci, ae, a. 
field, ager, agri, m. 
fiercely, acriter ; from the adj., 

acer, acris, acre, 
fifteen, quindecim. 
fight, pugno, 1. 
fill, fill up, compleo, ere, evi, 

etus. 
find, find out (by searching), 

reperio, ire, repperi, reper- 

tus. 
find (come upon), invenio, ire, 

veni, ventus. 
first, adj., primus, a, urn, 
first, adv., primum. 
fit out, equip, instruo, ere, uxi, 

tictus. 
five, quinque. 
flee, flee from, fugio, ere, fugi, 

fugitiirus. 
flee for refuge, confugio, ere, 

fugi, fugitiirus. 
fleet, classis, is, /. 
(following), on the following 

day, postridie. 
follow up, consector, arl, atus 

sum. 
fond, fond of, cupidus, a, urn. 
foot, pes, pedis, m. 
for (in behalf of), pro, prep. w. 

abl. 
forage, pabulum, i, n. 



force 



173 



Helvetii 



force (verb), cogo, ere, coegl, 
coactus. 

forces, copise, arum, /. 

ford, vadum, I, n. 

forest, silva, ae, /. 

forget, obllviscor, 1, oblltus 
sum. 

form (a plan), ineo, Ire, inil, 
initus. 

fort, castellum, I, n. 

fortify, munio, Ire, Ivi, Itus. 

fortunate, fellx, Icis. 

fortune, fortmia, ae, /. 

fortune (in sense of property) , 
fortunae, arum, /. 

four, quattuor. 

free (adj.), liber, a, um. 

free, set free, llbero, 1. 

frequent, creber, bra, brum. 

friend, amicus, I, m. 

friendship, amlcitia, ae, /. 

frighten, perterreo, ere, ui, itus. 

from, a, ab, prep. vj. abl. 

from, out of, e, ex, prep. w. abl. 

from (= of), with verbs of de- 
manding, etc., a, ab. 

from, after verbs of hindering, 
etc., quo minus, ne. 

from all sides, undique. 

front (adj.), primus, a, um. 

Galba, Galba, ae, m. 
garrison, praesidium, I (il), n. 
gate, porta, ae, /. 
Gaul (a Gaul), Gallus, I, m. 
Gaul (the country) , Gallia, ae,/. 
Geneva, Geneva, ae, /. 
German, Germ anus, a, um ; 

Germanus, I, m. 
Germany, Germania, ae, /. 
get ready (tfraws.),paro, 1. 



gift, donum, I, n. 

give, do, dare, dedl, datus. 

glad, laetus, a, um. 

go, eo,Ire, Ivi (il), itum (§ 132), 

go around, circumeo, Ire, Ivi 

(il), itus (§ 132). 
go away, abeo, Ire, il, iturus. 
God, deus, I, m. 
good, bonus, a, um. 
go out, exeo, Ire, exii, exitti- 

rus. 
grain, frumentum, I, n. 
great, magnus, a, um (§ 72). 
greatest (of qualities) f sum- 

mus, a, um, 
greatly, magnopere. 
grief, dolor, oris, m. 
(ground), on the ground that, 

quod. 
guard, watch, servo, 1 ; tueor, 

erl. 

Haedui, Haedui, orum, m. 
happen, be done, flo, fieri, fac- 

tus sum. 
happen, it happens, it befalls, 

impersonal, accidit, ere, ac- 

ciclit. 
happy, fellx, Icis. 
harass, vexo, are, avl, atus, 
harbor, portus, us, m. 
harm, detrlmentum, I, n. 
hasten, contendo, ere, endi, 

entum. 
hate, odl, odisse (§ 133). 
have, habeo, ere, ui, itus. 
he, is (ea, id) (§ 87). 
hear, audio, Ire, Ivi, Itus. 
heart, courage, animus, I, m. 
help, auxilium, I (il), n. 
Helvetii, Helvetii, orum, m. 



her 



174 



lead 



her, suus, a, um (§ 86, 1), re- 
flexive. 
here, hie. 

high, altus, a, um. 
highest (of qualities), sum- 

mus, a, um. 
hill, collis, is, m. 
himself, herself, etc., sul, sibi, 

se, reflexive. 
hinder, impede, impedio, Ire, 

Ivi, Itus. 
his, suus, a, um, reflexive. 
home, domus, us (§ 49, 4) ; at 

home, doml (§ 232, 2). 
home (to one's home), domum 

(§ 182, 1, b). 
honor, honor, oris, m. 
hope, spes, el, /. 
horse, equus, I, m. 
horseman, eques, itis, m. * 
hostage, obses, idis, c. 
hostile, inimicus, a, um. 
house, domus, us, /. 
how many, quot, indecl. 
how much, followed by gen. of 

the whole ( § 201 , 2) , quantum. 
hundred, centum. 
hurry, contendo, ere, tendi, 

tentum. 

I, ego, mel. 

if, si, conj. 

immediately, statim. 

in, in, prep. w. abl. 

inasmuch as, quoniam (§286,1). 

increase (trans.), augeo, ere, 

auxi, auctus. 
infantry, pedites, um, m. 
influence, auctoritas, atis, /. 
inform, pertioiem facio, ere, 

feci, factus. 



be informed, certior fio, fieri, 

factus sum. 
inhabit, incolo, ere, colui, cul- 

tus. 
inhabitant, incola, ae, m. 
injure, noceo, ere, ul, iturus, 

with the dat. (§ 187, II, a). 
into, in, prep. w. ace. 
island, insula, ae, /. 
Italy, Italia, ae, /. 

javelin, telum, i, n. 

join (battle), committo, ere, 

mlsi, missus. 
journey, iter, itineris, n. 
joyful, laetus, a, um. 

Kalends, Kalendae, arum, /. 
keep off, away, ward off, pro- 

hibeo, ere, ui, itus. 
kill, interficio, ere, feci, fec- 

tus. 
kind, modus, I, m. 
kindness, beneficium, I (ii), n. 
king, rex, regis, m. 
know, scio, Ire, Ivi, Itus. 

labor, labor, oris, m. 

lack, be lacking, desum, deesse, 

defui (§ 125). 
land, ager, agri, m. 
land (as opposed to the water), 

terra, ae, /. 
large, magnus, a, um (§ 72). 
last, last part of, limiting a 

noun, extremus, a, um 

(§241, 1). 
last (of time), ultimus (§ 73, 1). 
law, statute, lex, legis, /. 
lay waste, vasto, 1. 
lead, duco, ere, diixi, ductus. 



lead 



175 



narrow pass 



lead, lead out, lead away, de- 
duco, ere, diixi, ductus. 

lead across, traduco, ere, duxi, 
ductus. 

lead back, redtico, ere, duxi, 
ductus. 

leader, dux, ducis, c. 

lead forth, edaco, ere, duxi, 
ductus. 

leave, leave behind, relinquo, 
ere, llqui, llctus. 

legion, legio, onis, /. 

lend (help), fero, ferre, tuli, 
latus. 

Lentulus, Lentulus, I, m. 

less, minus. 

lest, ne. 

let go, dimitto, ere, rnisi, mis- 
sus. 

letter (an epistle), litterae, 
arum, /. 

liberty, Hbertas, atis, /. 

lieutenant, legatus, I, m. 

life, vita, ae, /. 

light, levis, e ; light-armed, 
expedltus, a, um. 

like, similis, e. 

line of battle, acies, el, /. 

little, parvus, a, um. 

little (a little), paulum. 

long (adj.), longus, a, um. 

long (adv.), diti. 

lose, amitto, ere, misi, missus. 

love, amo, are, avl, atus. 

loyalty, fides, el, /. 

Lucretia, Lucretia, ae, /. 

make, facio, ere, feci, f actus. 

make (somebody or something 
safe, bold, clear, etc.), reddo, 
ere, reddidi, redditus. 



man, homo, inis, c, the general 
term; man as opposed to 
woman, or as a complimen- 
tary designation, vir, virl, m. 

manners, mores, um, m. 

many, multi, ae, a ; very many, 
comphlres, a ; gen., comphl- 
rium. 

march (nonn), iter, itineris, n. 

march (verb), iter facere, lit., 
make a march. 

march forth, out, egredior, I, 
gressus sum. 

Marcus, Marcus, I, m. 

maritime, maritimus, a, um. 

Marseilles, Massilia, ae,/. 

matchless, singularis, e. 

meanwhile, interea. 

memory, memoria, ae, /. 

messenger, nuntius, i (ii), m. 

middle (of), medius, a, um 
(§241, 1). 

mile, mille passus, lit., thoiv- 
sand paces ; pi., millia pas- 
suum. 

mind, mens, mentis, /. 

money, pecunia, ae,/. 

month, mensis, is, m. 

more (adv.), magis. 

more (substantive), plus, pila- 
ris, n. 

most, plerlque, aeque, aque. 

mountain, mons, montis, m. 

move, moveo, ere, movi, motus. 

much, multus, a, um. 

multitude, multitudo, inis,/. 

my, me us, a, um. 

name, nomen, inis, n. 
narrow, angustus, a, um. 
narrow pass, angustiae, arum,/. 



naval 



176 



persuade 



naval, navalis, e. 

nearest, proximus, a, um 

(§73, 1). 
necessary, it is necessary, ne- 

cesse est. 
necessary (there is need) , opus 

(est). 
need, there is need, opus est 

(§218, 2). 
neglect, neglego, ere, lexl, 

lectus. 
neighboring, finitimus, a, um. 
never, numquam. 
next, proximus, a, um (§ 73, 

1 ; 192, 1). 
no, nullus, a, um ; in answers, 

see § 162, 5, b. 
no one, nemo, dat. neminL, 

ace. neminem ; gen. &n&abl., 

wanting. 
noble, nobilis, e. 
not, non ; ne. 
(not), is not? does not? etc., 

nonne (§ 162, 2). 
not even, ne . . . quidem, with 

the emphatic word between. 
notice, animadverts, ere, verti, 

versus. 
not yet, nondum. 
nothing, nihil, indecl. 
now (at the present time), nunc, 
number, numerus, I, m. 

obstruct, obstruo, ere, struxl, 

striictus. 
occur, fio, lerl, factus sum. 
of, concerning, de, prep. w. 

abl. 
often, saepe. 
old, vetus, eris. 
on, in, prep. w. abl. 



on all sides, undique, adv. 

one, unus, a, um. 

one . . . another, alius . . . alius ; 

the one . . . the other, alter 

. . . alter. 
onset, impetus, us, m. 
opinion, opinio, onis,/. 
opportune, opportunus, a, um. 
opportunity, occasio, onis, /. 
order, demand, impero, 1. 
order, command, jubeo, ere, 

jussi, jussus. 
Orgetorix, Orgetorlx, Igis, m. 
other, another, alius, a, ud. 
other, the other, alter, a, um. 
others, all the others, ceteri, 

ae, a. 
ought, debeo, ere, ui, itus ; it 

behooves, oportet, ere, opor- 

tuit. 
our, our own, noster, tra, trum. 
overcome, supero, are, avi, atus. 
overwhelm, opprimo, ere, 

press!, pressus. 
owe, debeo, ere, ui, itus. 

pace ( = 5 feet) , passus, us, m. 

part, pars, partis, /. 

pass (a pass), angustiae, arum, 

/• 
pass the winter, hiemo, 1. 
peace, pax, pacis, /. 
people, populus, I, m. 
perish, intereo, ire, ii, iturus 

(§ 132). 
permit, permitto, ere, misl, 

missus, 
(permitted), it is permitted, 

licet, ere, licuit, imp. 
persuade, persuadeo, ere, suasl, 

suasuin (§ 187, II, a). 



pity 



177 



resist 



pity, misericordia, ae, /. 

pity, it excites pity, miseret, 
miserere, miseruit, imper- 
sonal. 

place (noun), locus, I, m. 

place (verb), colloco, 1. 

place in charge, in command 
over, praerlcio, ere, feci, fec- 
tus, with the dat. of indirect 
obj. (§ 187, III). 

plain, planities, el, /. 

plan, consilium, I, n. 

please, placed, ere, ui, ittirus. 

plots, insidiae, arum,/. 

plunder, dlripio, ere, ripui, 
reptus. 

Pompey, Pompejus, Pompei, 
m. 

power, potestas, atis, /. ; de- 
notes the power that is vested 
in an official. 

powerful, potens, entis. 

praetor, praetor, oris, m. 

praise (noun), laus, laudis, /. 

praise (verb), laudo, 1. 

precede, antecedo, ere, cessi, 
cessurus. 

prefer, malo, malle, malui 
(§ 130). 

present, give, dono, 1. 

present, be present, adsum, 
esse, ful, futurus. 

press on, Insto, are, stiti. 

prevail, valeo, ere, valul. 

prevent, prohibeo, ere, ui, itus. 

prisoner, captivus, I, m. 

pristine, piistinus, a, urn. 

procure, paro, 1. 

promise, polliceor, erl, itus 
sum. 

province, provincia, ae, /. 



put in charge, praerlcio, ere, 
feci, fectus (§ 187, III). 

put to flight, fugo, are, avi, 
atus. 

quickly, celeriter, adv., from 

the adj., celer, eris, ere. 
quite, omnino. 

rampart, agger, eris, m. 

rashly, temere. 

ravage, vexo, 1. 

receive, accipio, ere, cepi, cep- 

tus. 
recent, recens, entis. 
recollection, memoria, ae, /. 
reduce, redigo, ere, egi, actus, 
refuse, recuso, 1. 
region, regio, onis, /. 
regret, it causes regret, paeni- 

tet, ere, uit, impersonal 

(§ 138). 
remain, maneo, ere, mansi, 

rnansurus. 
remaining, reliquus, a, um. 
remember, bear in mind, me- 

mini, isse (§ 183). 
remind, admoneo, ere, ui, itus. 
render, reddo, ere, reddidl, red- 

ditus. 
reply, responded, ere, respondl, 

responsus. 
report (noun), fama, ae,/. 
report (verb), renuntio, 1. 
republic, res publica, rei ptibli- 

cae, /. 
reputation, fama, ae, /. 
request, seek, peto, ere, petivl 

(ii), Itus. 
resist, resisto, ere, restiti, with 

dat. (§ 187, II, a). 



resolve 



178 



speak 



resolve, constituo, ere, ui, titus. 
rest, rest of, reliquus, a, um. 
rest, the rest, ceterl, ae, a. 
retain, retineo, ere, ui, ten- 

tus. 
retard, tardo, 1. 
retreat, se recipere (recipio, ere, 

cepl, ceptus). 
return (trans.), reddo, ere, red- 

didi, redditus. 
return (intrans.), revert or, I ; 

redeo, Ire, ii, itum. 
revolt, defectio, onis, /. 
reward, praemium, I (ii), n. 
Rhine, Rhenus, I, m. 
Rhone, Rhodanus, I, m. 
right, dexter, tra, train. 
river, flumen, inis, n. 
road, iter, itineris, n. 
Roman, Romanus, a, um ; a 

Roman, Romanus, I, m. 
Rome, Roma, ae, /. 
run forward, procurro, ere, 

cucurrl, cursum. 

safety, salus, litis, /. 

sake, for the sake, causa, with 
gen. ; the gen. always pre- 
cedes. 

sally, eruptio, onis, /. 

same, idem, eadem, idem (§ 87) ; 
at same time, simul. 

save, servo, 1. 

say, dico, ere, dlxl, dictus. 

scarcely, vix. 

sea, mare, is, n. 

secretly, clam. 

see, video, ere, vidi, vlsus. 

seem, videor, eri, vlsus sum. 

seize, occupo, 1. 

self, oneself, sui, sibi, se. 



self (i.e. I myself, you yourself, 

etc.), ipse in apposition with 

the subject or object. 
sell, vendo, ere, vendidi, vendi- 

tus. 
senate, senatus, us, m. 
send, mitto, ere, misl, missus. 
Sequani, Sequani, orum, m. 
set free, libero, 1. 
set on fire, incendo, ere, endi, 

ensus. 
set out, proficlscor, I, fectus 

sum. 
she, ea,/. of is (§ 87). 
sharply, acriter. 
shield, scutum, I, n. 
ship, navis, is, /. 
(sides) on all, undique. 
shore, Htus, oris, n. 
short, brevis, e. 
show, praesto, are, stiti. 
since (causal), cum. 
six, sex, indeed. 
six hundred, sescenti, ae, a. 
size, magnitude, inis, /. 
slave, servus, I, m. 
small, parvus, a, um (§ 72). 
so (of degree), tarn. 
so, thus (of manner), ita, sic. 
so great, tan tus, a, um. A 
so many, tot, indecl. 
soldier, miles, itis, m. 
some, something, aliquis, ali- 

qua^ aliquid or aliquod. 
some . . . others, alii . . . alii, 
son, filius, I, m. 
Spain, Hispania, ae, /. 
spare, parco, ere, peperci, par- 

surus (§ 187, II, a). 
speak, loquor, I, locdtus sum ; 

dico, ere, dlxl, dictus. 



speed 



179 



trench 



speed, celeritas, atis, /. 

spend, ago, ere, egi, actus. 

standard, signum, I, n. 

state, ci vitas, atis, /. 

station, colloco, 1. 

stone, lapis, idis, n. 

straightway, statiin. 

such, talis, e. 

suddenly, subito. 

suffer, patior, i, passus sum. 

suitable, idoneus, a, um. 

summer, aestas, atis, /. 

summon, voco, 1. 

(superior), be superior to, su- 

pero, 1. 
supply, copia, ae, /. 
surpass, supero, 1. 
surrender (oneself), dedo, ere, 

dedidi, deditus. 
surround, circumvenio, Ire, 

veni, ventus ; circumeo, ire, 

ii, itus. 
suspicion, suspicio, onis, /. 
swift, celer, eris, ere. 
sword, gladius, I (ii), m. 

take, seize, capio, ere, cepi, 

captus. 
take by storm, expugno, 1. 
talent, talentum, I, n. 
tarry, moror, arl, atus sum. 
teach, doceo, ere, ui, doctus. 
tell, say, dico, ere, dixl, dictus. 
ten, decern, indecl. 
terrify, perterreo, ere, ui, ter- 

ritus. 
than, quam, conj. ; see also § 217. 
that, is, ea, id ; ille, ilia, illud. 
that of yours, iste, ista, istud. 
that, rel. pron., qui, quae, 

quod. 



that, in order that, ut ; qui, 
quae, quod with the sitbj. ; 
with comp., quo. 

that, lest, with verbs of fear- 
ing, ne. 

that not, in order that not, ne. 

that not, with verbs of fearing, 
ut. 

that {of result), ut. 

that not {of result), ut non. 

that, on the ground that, quod. 

their, their own, suus, a, um. 

there, ibi. 

they, see he, she, etc. 

thing, res, rel, /. 

think, puto, 1. 

thirty, triginta. 

this, hie, haec, hoc. 

those, as antecedent of rel., ei, 
eae, ea. 

thou, tii, tui. 

though, quamquam, quam vis, 
etsi, cum. 

thousand, mille ; pi., millia, 
ium, n. 

three, tres, tria. 

three days, triduum, i, n. 

three hundred, trecenti, ae, a. 

thrust out, eicio, ere, ejeel, 
ejectus. 

till, dum, donee, conj. 

time, tempus, oris, n. 

to, ad, prep. w. ace. 

(top) top of, with a noun, sum- 
mus, a, um (§ 73, 2 ; 241, 1). 

torture, supplicium, i (ii), n. 

touch, moveo, ere, movT, motus. 

tower, turris, is, /. 

town, oppidum, i, n. 

tree, arbor, oris, /. 

trench, fossa, ae, /. 



tribe 



180 



withstand 



tribe, gens, gentis, /. 
tribune, tribunus, I, m. 
troops, copiae, arum, /. 
trust, confldo, ere, flsus sum, 

semi-dep. (§ 187, II, a). 
try, make trial, tempto, are, 

avl, atus. 
twenty, vlgintl. 
two, duo, duae, duo. 
two hundred, ducentl, ae, a. 

uncertain, incertus, a, um. 
under, sub., prep. w. abl. or ace. 
understand, intellego, ere, lexl, 

lectus. 
unfavorable, alienus, a, um. 
unharmed, incolumis, e. 
unite, conjungo, ere, junxT, 

junctus. 
until, dum, donee, quoad. 
unwilling, invitus, a, um; be 

unwilling, nolo, nolle, nolul. 
uprising, tumultus, us, m. 
us, nos, nostrum, nostrl, pi. of 

ego. Cf. § 242, 2. 
use, utor, I, tisus sum. 

valor, virtus, utis, /. 
Veneti, Venetl, orum, m. 
very many, compltires, a ; gen., 

complurium. 
victor, victor, oris, m. 
victory, victoria, ae, /, 
vigorous, acer, acris, acre. 
vigorously, acriter. 
village, vlcus, I, m. 
violence, vis, vis (§41), /. 
virtue, virtus, utis, /. 
voice, vox, vocis, /. 

wage, gero, ere, gesSI, gestus. 



wait, exspecto, 1. 

war, bellum, I, n. 

warm, moneo, ere, ui, itus. 

watch, vigilia, ae, /. 

weapons, arma, orum, n. 

welcome, gratus, a, um. 

well, bene (§ 77, 1). 

what? quis (qui), quae, quid, 

(quod). 
whatever, quisquis, quidquid. 
when? quando. 
when, rel., ubi, ut, cum. 
whence, unde. 
where ? ubi. 
where, reZ., ubi. 
whether, num, -ne. 
while, conj., dum (§ 293). 
whither, quo. 
who? quis. 
who, which, rel. pron., qui, 

quae, quod. 
whole, totus, a, um (§ 66). 
why ? cur, quare. 
wife, uxor, oris, /. 
willing, be willing, volo, velle, 

volul. 
win, paro, 1. 
wing (of an army), cornu, 

tis, n. 
winter, hiem§, is, /. 
winter quarters, hlberna, orum, 

n. 
wish, volo, velle, volul. 
with, cum, prep. w. abl. 
withdraw (trans.), subduco, 

ere, duxl, ductus. 
withdraw (intrans.), discedo, 

ere, cessl, cessurus. 
without, sine, prep. w. abl. 
withstand, sustineo, ere, ui, 

tentus. 



woman 



181 



youth 



woman, mulier, ieris, /. 
word, verbum, I, n. 
work (a work), opus, eris, n. 
worthy, dignus, a, um. 
wound (noun), vulnus, eris, n. 
wound (verb), vulnero, are, 

avi, at us. 
write, scrlbo, ere, scrips!, scrlp- 

tus. 
wrong (a wrong), injuria, ae, /. 



year, annus, I, m. 

yes, see § 162, 5, a. 

yet, not yet, nondum. 

you, tu, tui. 

young man, adulescens, entis, 

m. 
your, your own, tuus, a, um; 

vester, tra, trum. 
youth (a youth), adulescens, 

entis, m. 



14 LAT/A. 

A Latin Grammar. 

By Professor Charles E. Bennett, Cornell University. i2mo, cloth, 
282 pages. Price, 80 cents. 

IN this book the essential facts of Latin Grammar are pre- 
sented within the smallest compass consistent with high 
scholarly standards. It covers not only the work of the pre- 
paratory school, but also that of the required courses in college 
and university. By omitting rare forms and syntactical usages 
found only in ante-classical and post-classical Latin, and by 
relegating to an Appendix theoretical and historical questions, 
it has been found possible to treat the subject with entire ade- 
quacy in the compass of 250 pages exclusive of Indexes. In 
the German schools, books of this scope fully meet the exacting 
demands of the entire gymnasial course, and those who have 
tried Bennett's Grammar find that they are materially helped by 
being relieved ot the mass of useless and irrelevant matter which 
forms the bulk of the older grammars. All Latin texts for read- 
ing in secondary schools, recently issued, contain references in 
the notes to Bennetfs Latin Grammar. 

Professor William A. Houghton, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine. 
The Grammar proper is admirably adapted to its purpose in its clearness 
of arrangement and classification, and in its simplicity and precision of 
statement, giving definitely just what the pupil must know, and not crowd- 
ing the page with a mass of matter that too often disheartens the young 
student instead of helping him. I trust it will come into general use, for 
I think for the reasons just given, and because of its moderate compass 
and attractive appearance, students are likely to get more practical gram- 
matical knowledge out of it than they generally do from the larger 
grammars. 

John F. Peck, Oberlin Academy, Oberlin, Ohio : Bennett's Latin Grammar 
was adopted as a text-book in Oberlin Academy in 1897. It is proving 
itself a very satisfactory text-book and increasingly popular. The teachers 
of Latin in Oberlin Academy are thoroughly satisfied with the book and 
imd it exceedingly helpful in their work. 

The Critic, Feb. 29, 1896. The book is a marvel of condensed, yet clear 
and forcible, statement. The ground covered in the treatment of forms 
and syntax is adequate for ordinary school work and for the use of fresh/ 
men and sophomores in college. 



Juni'B. 2901 



MAY 23 1901 



